Category: Life is language
ULwesihlanu wowama21 kweyoMdumba (Februwari) uphawula iminyaka engama25 wesikhumbuzo soMhla wokuBhiyozela iiLwimi zeeNkobe weHlabathi (IMLD), osisikhumbuzo esenziwa kwihlabathi lonke qho ngonyaka ukukhuthaza ulwaziso loluntu malunga neelwimi ngeelwimi neenkcubeko ngeenkcubeko kwakunye nokukhulisa ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ngeelwimi. Olu suku olwamiselwa yiUNESCO ngowe1999, luqaqambisa indima engundoqo yeelwimi kwezemfundo, kugcino lwenkcubeko nakubandakanyeko loluntu kusetyenziswa ulwimi, kananjalo lugqamisa imingeni yeelwimi ezisemngciphekweni wokutshabalala neyoluntu oluthetha iilwimi ngeelwimi olukwihlabathi lonke.
Ngowama21 kweyoMdumba (Februwari) 1952, abafundi abahlanu baye babulawa baze abaninzi bonzakala xa ngamapolisa ngenxa yokuba babe noqhankqalazo eBangladesh (eyayibizwa ngelo xesha ngokuba yiEast Pakistan) lokuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo iBengali njengolwimi olusemthethweni. Kwiminyaka emine elandela leyo, iBengali yathi yaba lulwimi olusemthethweni.
Into eyaqala njengentshukumo yesizwe yahlupheza intshukumo yehlabathi lonke ukuba kulwelwe amalungelo olwimi. Ngoku, olu suku luluphawu lwamalungelo omntu ngamnye ukuba afunde, athethe ze aphuhlise ulwimi lwakhe lweenkobe engenaxhala lokucalulwa okanye lokucinezelwa.”
Lo asingomba wamagama kuphela
Ngaphakathi kwiilwimi zoluntu kukho iinkcubeko, iimbali nokutyhila ukuba abantu abathetha ezo lwimi bangoobani na. Xa ulwimi luduka, kulahleka indlela ethile yokucinga, nobaliso lwamabali kunye nokuqondwa kwehlabathi unomphelo. I-UN iqikelela ukuba kukho malunga ne8 300 yeelwimi kwihlabathi lonke, yaye malunga ne40% yezo lwimi isemngciphekweni wokutshabalala okanye ‘wokuphela’, ngamanye amazwi, akukho bantwana okanye bantu batsha abathetha olo lwimi yaye ngabantu abadala abambalwa kuphela abasaluthethayo. Okubuhlungu ke, kukuba oku kubandakanya ulwimi lokugqibela kwiilwimi ezazithethwa ngamaKhoisan eMzantsi. Ukususela ngo2017, iNama, elulwimi olwaluthethwa kakhulu luluntu lwamaKhoisan eMntla Koloni, ibisele ithethwa kuphela ngabantu abangama2 000, uninzi lwabo ingabo baneminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu; ngabantu abadala abathathu kuphela beKhomani San abasathetha ulwimi lweN | uu; yaye babini kuphela abantu abaziwayo abasathetha iKora, elulwimi lwamaKorana.
Nanjengokuba umsebenzi wolwimi ungaphelelanga ekunxibelelaneni ngalo, ukuba neelwimi ezahlukahlukileyo asiyonto yokugcina nje amagama, koko ikwangumba wokutshintshiselana ngeenkcubeko nokuqinisekisa ukuba wonke ubani uyafikelela kumathuba ezemfundo nakumathuba onke akhoyo. Umxholo weIMLD 2025, “Iilwimi ziLulutho (Languages Matter )!” ukwagxininisa isidingo esingxamisekileyo senkqubela sokuthathelwa ingqalelo kweelwimi ezahlukahlukileyo nokubandakanywa kwazo njengenxalenye yeeNjongo neZiPhumo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo zeUN (SDGs). ukuSetyenziswa kwazo kwiHlabathi lonke. Imigaqonkqubo yeelwimi ezongamela ezinye nenkqubela kwiteknoloji kubeka engozini ukuthathelwa ingqalelo kweyantlukwano ngokweelwimi, nto leyo ethi ikhokelele ekucezelweni kweelwimi ezingabonwa njengezisetyenziswa kakhulu. Kungokunje, zingaphantsi kwe100 iilwimi ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kunxibelelwano ngedijithali nakumaqonga eintanethi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kungafikeleli wonke umntu kulwazi nakumathuba okufunda kwabo bathetha iilwimi ezithethwa ngabantu abambalwa. Kuba ngoku iteknoloji iyiyo esetyenziselwa unxibelelwano, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iilwimi, kubandakanywa iilwimi zesintu nezo zithethwa ngabantu abambalwa, ziyamelwa kwezemfundo, kubomi bukawonkewonke nakumaqonga edijithali.
Ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ngeelwimi nokunye
Ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ngeelwimi kuxela ubukho beelwimi ezingaphezu kwesibini kummandla othile okanye ukukwazi ukuthetha ngaphezu kweelwimi ezimbini. Eli libinzana elisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiingxoxo ezimalunga nemfundo nobandakanyeko loluntu. Uphando lubonakalisa ukuba ama40% oluntu kwihlabathi akafikeleli kwimfundo ngolwimi abantu abo abaluthethayo okanye abaluqondayo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kube nzima ukuba abantwana baphumeze konke ebebenokuphumeza.
Ngokufaka iilwimi zeenkobe kwimfundo, uluntu lungakhula ekukwazini ukufunda nokubhala, iziphumo zokufunda zingaphucuka yaye abantu banganonxibelelwano olunzulu nenkcubeko yabo.”
Ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezininzi ngaxeshanye, okusisigama esisandula ukusetyenziswa akupheleli nje ekwazini iilwimi ezininzi. Kugxininisa ukukwazi ukusebenzisa iilwimi ezininzi ngaxeshanye, umntu ekufumana oko kwiilwimi neenkcubeko ezahlukileyo. Ngokungafani nombono “wobungcungela” kwiilwimi ezahlukileyo, ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezininzi ngaxeshanye, kuthathela ingqalelo ukuba umntu usenokungazazi ngokupheleleyo zonke ezo lwimi, koko uye asebenzise iilwimi ezahlukileyo ngokwemeko nesidingo selo xesha.
Isiseko soku kukunxibelelana ngempumelelo endaweni yokukwazi ulwimi olo ngokupheleleyo njengeyona njongo yokufunda ulwimi. Xa kusetyenziswa iilwimi ezininzi ngaxeshanye kwezemfundo, naxa kukhuthazwa ukufundwa kweelwimi ukususela ebuntwaneni, kungaxhobisa umntu ngamnye ngezakhono zokuphumelela kwihlabathi ngeli lixa kugcinwa ubambelelo olumandla kulwimi lweenkobe. E-SU, ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezininzi ngaxeshanye, kuyinxalenye yengqiqo yokusetyenziswa kweelwimi ngeelwimi – indlela yokubona ubomi apho ubani enomnqweno wokusebenzisana nabantu abathetha ezinye iilwimi ngokuthi amkele into eziswa kukwahluka komnye umntu kwiqonga lokubonisana.
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Nanjengoko sibhiyozela uMhla wokuBhiyozela iiLwimi zeeNkobe weHlabathi 2025, masikhumbule ukuba ulwimi lungaphezulu nje kwamagama; koko lumalunga nokuba umntu ngamnye ungubani na, lungemveli yomntu, lungoqhagamshelwano. Nokuba uthetha ulwimi olunye okanye ezininzi, inzame nganye yokugcina, ukufunda okanye ukukhuthaza ulwimi lweenkobe iba negalelo kwihlabathi elibandakanya wonke ubani nelineelwimi ngeelwimi. Iilwimi zilulutho yaye kufuneka sizikhusele.
– Ibhalwe nguTania Botha; yaguqulelwa nguNcebakazi Saliwa-Mogale noMawabo Sijila
18 February 2025 Tags: incoko ngeenkcubeko ezahlukileyo , Language Policy , multilingual mindset , multilingualism , ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezininzi ngaxeshanye , ukwahluka ngokweelwimi
KwiZiko leeLwimi laseSU, siyabelana ngenkolelo yeUNESCO ekubalulekeni kokwahlukahlukana ngokweenkcubeko neelwimi ukulungiselela uluntu oluluqilima, kwaye siyakwamkela ukubhiyozelwa koSuku lweeLwimi zeeNkobe kwihlabathi jikelele ngomhla wama21 kweyoMdumba kunyaka ngamnye.
USuku lweeLwimi zeeNkobe alukho malunga nolwimi lwakho lweenkobe nolwimi lwam lweenkobe ngokuzimela kwazo nje kuphela, kodwa kananjalo lumalunga nazo neelwimi zeenkobe zabo bantu basingqongileyo. Ukuba siyakuqonda ukuba ulwimi lweenkobe lomntu osecaleni kwethu luxabiseke kuye ngohlobo oluxabiseke ngayo njengoko nathi sibazise ezethi, kwaye sikuhloniphe oko, sele sithathe amanyathelo amahle kakhulu.
Kutheni le nto iilwimi zeenkobe zibalulekile, ngaphandle kokuba sifaka iinqobo zangokwasemphefumlweni ku(kwii)lwimi esikhule ngalo/ngazo kwaye saqala ukuzivakalisa ngalo/ngazo? Zingasebenziseka njani ngokuphathekayo kuthi, nkqu nokuba amaxesha amaninzi sisebenzisa ulwimi lwesibini okanye lwesithathu ukuqinisekisa ukuba sinxibelelana ngendlela enceda abanye ekubeni baqonde oko sikuthethayo?
Iindawo zokuma uthi tsii gxada zasengqondweni
Iilwimi zeenkobe ziindawo zokuma uthi tsii gxada zasengqondweni. Sonke sisebenzisa ulwimi lwethu lweenkobe njengendlela yokukhulisa ulwazi. Xa ufumana ulwazi olutsha, ngokwesiqhelo uqala ngengcaciso oqheleneyo nayo uze emva koko uthabathe indlela esuka apho eya kwiintlambo zolwazi ongalwaziyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba uqala kwindawo apho uyaziyo ukuba ingcamango ethile iyintoni ngolwimi lwakho lweenkobe, unayo indawo onokusuka kuyo ukuze ufunde okunye, kwaye ungasebenzisa oko ukuqhelileyo njengendawo yokuma uthi tsii gxada uqonde ngayo iingcamango ezintsokothe ngakumbi, nkqu naxa uzifumana ngolwimi olwahlukileyo kolo lwakho lweenkobe.
Ngoko ke, abafundi bangakwazi, kwaye kungafuneka, ukuba basebenzise iilwimi zabo zeenkobe eyunivesithi, nkqu nokuba ulwimi lwabo alululo olunye lweelwimi zokufunda nokufundisa ezingokusesikweni kwelo ziko. Ukuba sicinga ngeSU, le Yunivesithi izibophelele ekusebenziseni isiNgesi, isiAfrikansi nesiXhosa – iilwimi ezisetyenziswa ngokusesikweni eNtshona Kapa. IsiAfrikansi nesiNgesi ziilwimi zokuqala zokufunda, ukufundisa novavanyo. IsiXhosa naso sinokusetyenziswa ekufundeni nasekufundiseni, apho kukho indlela kwaye abahlohli bakufumana kufanelekile ukusisebenzisa, kwaye kukho imfuneko ngokweendlela zokufunda nokufundisa. Le Yunivesithi izibophelele ekuphuhliseni isiXhosa njengolwimi lwezemfundo, nasekunonopheleni isiAfrikansi njengolwimi lokufundisa, ukufunda, uvavanyo nophando. ISU ikwayenye yeeyunivesithi zaseMzantsi Afrika ezimbalwa ezinenjongo yokuphuhlisa uLwimi lokuThetha ngeZandla lwaseMzantsi Afrika. Konke oku kuyinxalenye yogunyaziso lwesizwe lokuba amaziko emfundo ephakamileyo amkele ulwimi lwaseAfrika olunye ubuncinane, apho sigxilisa imithombo yethu yoncedo kolo lwimi, ngelixa ngaxeshanye sinonophela oko sele sikuphuhlisile. Oku kuyindlela ebalulekileyo yokuba sizise ukuphila kuMgaqosiseko woMzantsi Afrika. Ngokuhlonipha iilwimi kwinqanaba lemfundo ephakamileyo, siphakamisa isimo sazo.
Abafundi nabasebenzi baseSU ngokwenene baliqela elahlukahlukene kakhulu kunabantu nje abathetha isiNgesi, isiAfrikansi nesiXhosa kuphela, kodwa ukusebenza ngezona lwimi zeenkobe zixhaphakileyo eNtshona Kapa yindawo esinokuqala kuyo. Kwaye ezinye iiyunivesithi zoMzantsi Afrika ziye zazibophelela ekuphuhliseni ulwimi lube lunye ubuncinane kwiilwimi zoMzantsi Afrika ezisesikweni kwimimandla yazo. Ngale ndlela, abantu abathetha isiZulu bangathi, umzekelo, nabo baxhamle kwimithombo yoncedo engesiXhosa, nanjengoko ezo lwimi zinxulumene ngokusondeleneyo, kwaye oko kuyasebenza nakwezinye iilwimi ezinxulumene ngokusondeleneyo. Kodwa thina njengabantu abathetha iilwimi zeenkobe kufuneka sikhethe ukusebenzisa iilwimi zethu ngokwethu xa ithuba livela.
Ukuphakamisa isimo
Ukuba sifuna ukunonophela, ukwandisa nokuphakamisa isimo seelwimi zethu, kukho iindlela ezimbini ezivakala ngokuhlangeneyo zokwenza oko. Enye indlela kukubhala ngolo lwimi – ngokudalwa koncwadi – ukubonisa ukuba ulwimi lwakho lunako ukuvakalisa iingcinga ezicaphulekayo nemibono engobuchule nentsokothileyo, nokuba lunesakhono sokuguquguquka ngokwaneleyo sokwenza njalo. Indlela yesibini ingokudala isigama sokuchaza iinkalo ezintsha nezingobugcisa.
Kungenzeka ukuba phantse naluphi na ulwimi ngaphandle kwesiNgesi (nanjengoko kubonakala ngathi isigama senziwa ngesiNgesi ngokwendalo kakhulu njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokusungulwa ngokutsha nophuhliso olutsha) ludinga ukuba luphakamise isimo salo ngokuqhubekekayo ukuze lube nokumelana nemekobume yamaxesha angoku. Naluphi na olunye ulwimi, nokuba sisiFrentshi, sisiJamani, sisiTshayina, sisiAfrikansi okanye sisiXhosa, lunomngeni wokuzama ukumelana nesantya, kwaye nkqu nesiNgesi ngokwaso asisoloko sihamba phambili! Kananjalo, isiNgesi singaba naso isigama, kodwa intsingiselo zaloo magama azisoloko zicacile. Isigama sesiXhosa, sesiAfrikansi okanye nkqu nesesiFrentshi amaxesha amaninzi sihlala sichaza nangakumbi kwaye ke ngoko sicacile kubantu abathetha ezo lwimi. Cinga ngegama elithi “koppelaar” ngesiAfrikansi, okanye igama lesiZulu elithetha ukuthi “umthetho osayilwayo”, elithi “umthethosivivinywa”, ngokuthe ngqo lithetha ukuthi “umthetho osayilwayo”. Mininzi eminye imizekelo. Kodwa ingaba sikhetha ukuwamkela nokuwasebenzisa loo magama mahle kangaka, okanye sibhenela kwisiNgesi ngokuzenzekelayo?
Inzuzo enkulu yokuphakamisa isimo solwimi nokusebenzisa iilwimi ezahlukahlukeneyo kukuba senza ukuba iimekobume esiphila phakathi kwazo zibe zeziqukayo nangakumbi. Ukubona nokufumana iilwimi zabo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kuyabakhumbuza abantu ukuba bayinxalenye yento enkulu ngaphezu kokuba ziziqu zabo nje kuphela.
Ukungohluki kangako kweemeko
Nanjengoko sibhiyozela uSuku lweeLwimi zeeNkobe kulo nyaka, mhlawumbi kufuneka siqale ukucinga ngale mibuzo ilandelayo: Ingaba lukwenzela ntoni ulwimi lwakho lweenkobe, kwaye ingaba wena ulwenzela ntoni ulwimi lwakho lweenkobe? Xa usebenzisa ulwimi lwakho lweenkobe ekufundeni, kubomi bemihla ngemihla nakwimiba esemthethweni, awuphelelanga nje ekuzincedeni kuphela kodwa kananjalo uxhasa kwaye ulondoloza ilifa lemveli lolwimi lwakho. Ukusebenzisa kwakho olo lwimi kulugcina luphila kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba luyaqhubekeka ukulungiselela amaxesha ezayo.
Kwaye ke ngoko, xa sithatha elinye inyathelo ukuya phambili, elikukuqala ukufunda iilwimi zeenkobe zabanye, sixhasa kwaye sisomeleza ezo lwimi nangakumbi, ngelixa sifumana iindlela ezintsha zokuqondana nokuxabisana.
– ibhalwe nguSusan Lotz, nguKim Wallmach, uSanet de Jager noJackie van Wyk, uguqulo lolwimi lwenziwe nguSipumeze Mrwetyana
21 February 2024 Tags: International Mother Language Day , mental springboard , multilingual mindset , multilingualism , uMdumba luSuku lweeLwimi zeeNkobe kuMazwe ngaMazwe
UMeryl Davidson ugqibe ikhosi yakhe yeTEFL nePotfoliyo yesiNgesi kwiZiko leeLwimi lweYunivesithi yaseStellenbosch kwaye emva koko waba ngumfundisintsapho wesiNgesi eSouth Korea ithuba leminyaka emibini. Isiqinisekiso sikaMeryl seTEFL sikuvumela ukuba ufundise isiNgesi njengolwimi lelinye ilizwe ekhayeni naphesheya kolwandle.
Sibuze uMeryl imibuzo embalwa ngala mava ateketeke malunga nokuhambela kwamanye amazwe kunye nokusebenza phesheya kolwandle.
Yintoni eyabangela ukuba uthathe isigqibo sokwenza iTEFL? Ndathatha isigqibo sokwenza iTEFL ngelixa endandingafumani msebenzi osisigxina apha eMzantsi Afrika, ndandisiba mdala kwaye ndifuna ukuzikhathalela. Ndandikwanomnqweno onzulu kakhulu wokufuna ukuhambela kwamanye amazwe, ke ngoko ndacinga ukuba lelona thuba lifanelekileyo eli ukuba ndilisebenzise.
Zeziphi iingcango ozivulelwe sisiqinisekiso seTEFL? Ndichithe iminyaka emibini ndifundisa isiNgesi eSouth Korea. Ndikwahambele neSoutheast Asia iphela kule minyaka mibini – into abanye abantu abangenokuyithetha.
Ihlabathi ndiye ndalibona ngolunye uhlobo, ndilujonge ngembono entsha kwaye yaba ngamava okutshintsha ubomi. Bendingenakukwazi ukuyenza le nto ukuba bendingakhange ndenze isiqinisekiso sam seTEFL.”
Ndinomdla wokuhamba okungummangaliso kwaye ndithanda ukuzijikeleza ngenkcubeko kunye nezithethe ezahlukeneyo. Ndakha ubuhlobo kunye nobudlelwane obuqinileyo bexesha elide, kwaye ndisaqhagamshelana noninzi lwabantu endandidibene nabo ngexesha endandiphesheya kolwandle. Ndikonwabele kakhulu ukungena nzulu kwinkcubeko yaseAsia kwaye ndenza izinto ngendlela abenza ngayo. Umzekelo, ngelixa ndandisiza apha eMzantsi Afrika, kwakunzima ukuba MANDINGAZIKHULULI izihlangu ngaphambi kokungena endlini okanye emzini womnye umntu!
Zeziphi iindlela ikhosi yeTEFL ekuxhobise ngazo kumsebenzi wakho? Ikhosi yeTEFL endiyenze kwiZiko leeLwimi kwiYunivesithi yaseStellenbosch yayiyinkqubo ebanzi ngokumangalisayo nethathe iiveki ezine. Kwezi veki zine sasilungiselelwa naziphi na iziganeko ezinokubakho kwigumbi lokufundela isiNgesi njengolwimi lelinye ilizwe. Ngokwenene ayikho into enokulungiselela ubomi phesheya de ube uyaya ngokwakho, nangona kujalo, ikhosi yeTEFL ngokuqinisekileyo indilungiselele kangangoko into emandiyilindele kwigumbi lokufundela ngeendlela ezininzi.
Ngaba ungabelana nathi ngezizathu ezintathu ezibangela ucinge ukuba ukwenza ikhosi yeTEFL kunye nokusebenza phesheya kolwandle kube yinto umntu anokucinga ukuba angayenza?
Akukho mvakalelo ikwenza ukhululeke ngakumbi njengokuthatha isigqibo malunga nento ethile okanye eyahlukileyo oyinqwenela ngokwenene.
Ikutshintsha ngendlela ongenakuyicingela. Indlela ocinga ngayo, imibono yakho kwaye nendlela obona ngayo ihlabathi iyatshintsha. Yonke into obucinga ukuba uyayazi ivele inyamalale.
Ukuzimela kwakho yeyona nto inexabiso elikhulu kuwe. Akukho ndlela ingcono yokuzimela eyodlula ukungena kwindawo ongayaziyo ungena wedwa. Hlukana nokuva ngokuviswa ngobunjani belizwe. Zibonele ngokwakho!
Ngaba ungathanda ukwenza ikhosi yeTEFL? Usentlahleni: ikhosi yethu esisigxina iyaqala nge26 kaJuni kwaye ikhosi yeTEFL engesosigxina iyakuqala nge24 kaJulayi kwaye isekhona indawo ukuba unomdla. Kodwa kufuneka ufake isicelo nge16 kaJuni kwikhosi esisigxina nange14 kaJulayi kwengesosigxina ikhosi.
[us_cta title=”” btn_label=”Funda ngakumbi kwaye ufake isicelo apha” btn_link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Flanguagecentre.sun.ac.za%2Fproduct%2Fteaching-english-as-a-foreign-language-tefl%2F|target:_blank|” btn_style=”2″]Siza kuphinda sibenazo ezinye ezingakumbi xa kuphela unyaka. [/us_cta]
2 June 2023 Tags: isiNgesi , TEFL , ukufundisa phesheya
“Andizange ndayazi kwa into yokuba loo nkululeko yobuqu ikhona, kuba zange ndayingcamla ngaphambili …”
ULiselotte Voets, ngumfundi waseBelgium ofunda kweli evela eKU Leuven (iYunivesithi yamaKatolika yaseLeuven) owatyelela iSU kunyaka ophelileyo njengenxalenye yokufundela kwakhe isidanga seemastazi kwifilosofi, wangena kwikhosi yesiAfrikaans yabafundi abathetha isiDatshi kwiZiko loLwimi ngoxa wayeseMzantsi Afrika.
Ngelokubhiyozela uSuku lweNkululeko nge27 Epreli, uye wabelana nathi ngeengcamango zakhe ngenkululeko, ngesiAfrikaans, kodwa ziguqulelwe esiXhoseni apha ngezantsi.
Utyelelo lwam lokuza kufunda kweli lizwe lweenyanga ezintlanu ezinesiqingatha lwaqala eStellenbosch ngoFebhruwari 2022. Yasuka yazenzekela into yokuba ndikhethe uMzantsi Afrika: iinkcubeko, abantu: ukuma kwayo, imbali, iintaba nemozulu zaba nomtsalane kum. Zonke ezi zinto zavela zandichukumisa kakhulu. Esinye isiphumo endandingasilindelanga ngolu tyelelo lwam, yindlela entsha endisele ndiyijonga ngayo ingcamango yenkululeko. Ukuba bekunokufuneka ndichaze ngokusuk’ entliziyweni amava am ngoMzantsi Afrika, bendiya kuqala ndithethe ngobume bomhlaba. Ngokolwam uluvo, ukuphangalala kweli lizwe kumela ngendlela efuzisela kakhulu oko kuthethwa yinkululeko eMzantsi Afrika. Ziseninzi kakhulu iindawo ezingenabantu ezinokugcwaliswa. Amathuba abonakala engapheli. Xa uyithelekisa neBelgium, endisuka kuyo, uya kufumanisa ukuba iBelgium ayisenandawo yokwakha. Kunzima kakhulu ukufumana umhlaba wokwakha, apho unokuma ujonge elundini phaya; indawo engenazindonga, engenazindlu, izitrato, iidolophu nezixeko.
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Iba ngathi ugadiwe – rhoqo yonke indawo – akunakuya ndawo khe ubukele indalo.”
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Njengokuba ndibuyele eBelgium, kunzima nangakumbi ukuhlala apha, kwaye ndiwukhumbula nyhani uMzantsi Afrika. Kambe ke, eBelgium (siziva) sikhuseleke yaye sinqabiseke ngakumbi. Kufuneka siyihlawulele ngenkululeko yethu yobuqu. Noko ke, andizange ndayazi kwa into yokuba loo nkululeko yobuqu ikhona, kuba zange ndayingcamla ngaphambili. Mhlawumbi ikwa yinto yethu bantu baseYurophu ukucinga ukuba le nkululeko siyaziyo kuphela kohlobo lwenkululeko size singavumeli ezinye iindlela zokuyichaza. Kodwa oku kukungqubana njekwemibono. Bendimele ndiyazi into yokuba ‘inkululeko’ ayinakupheleliselwa nje kwingcamango enye. Ndilubonile olu hlobo lwenkululeko yobuqu kubantu baseMzantsi Afrika endidibene nabo: ababotshelelwanga (ubomi babo abulawulwa bungabekelwa miqathango ngokunjalo), kodwa bayaziphilela, ngemiphefumlo yabo; bayabamkela abanye abantu baze baqale usuku ngalunye bonwabile yaye bekhaliphile. Inkululeko yobuqu emangalisayo eMzantsi Afrika kubonakala ngathi inexabiso elikhulu, yaye yinto ngokuqinisekileyo engamele ijongelwe phantsi: abanye abantu bashiywe bodwa – ukuba bazizamele. Kufuneka bazibonele. Ngokwaloo mbono, mna bendibona ngathi abanye abantu boMzantsi Afrika babona ubume bomhlaba waseMzantsi Afrika njengelize kunokuba ubazisele ikamva eliqaqambileyo. Ndicinga ukuba, yaye nyhani ndinethemba lokuba, oku kusenokutshintsha.
Le yiblogi kaLiselotte Voets, iguqulelwe nguNgqibelelo Mabeka noZama Bekeweni
26 April 2023 Tags: Freedom Day , indalo , inkululeko , isiAfrikansi , ithemba , life is language , mother tongue , multilingualism
Usuku loLwimi lweNkobe: Usuku olunikezelwe kulwimi apho iingcinga zethu zokuqala ziye zathethwa ngomlomo-lilizwe esisenakho ukukholelwa kulo. Sahlukile kakhulu, kodwa le yinto esabelana ngayo sonke.
Ulwimi lwenkobe lomntu luthathwa njengolwimi aluve kuqala eseyimveku nomntwana oselula, olu idla ngokuba lulwimi lomntu ongumama obe noxanduva lwakho usemncinci kakhulu. Ikwalulwimi owathetha ngalo amagama akho okuqala, ulwimi oluthe ngeli xesha ulufunda, lamisela isicwangciso sazo zonke iilwimi onokuzifunda kamva apha ebomini.
Abanye abantu banokuba neelwimi ezimbini njengeelwimi zenkobe ngakumbi xa bephuma kwikhaya elithetha iilwimi ezininzi. USuku lweeLwimi lweNkobe ludala indawo yokuba sicinge ngeso siseko soluhlu lwethu lweelwimi – into ekwaphembelela indlela esisebenzisana ngayo nehlabathi elisingqongileyo. Imalunga nonxibelelwano olunzulu ngokweemvakalelo kunye nethuku lolwimi lwethu, ewe, kodwa ikwamalunga nokuba ulwimi lunokusibeka phi. Xa sidibana nabanye sisabelana ngolwazi siveza ubuchule nolwazi lwezinye iilwimi. Ulwimi lwethu lweenkobe luthungelana neelwimi esizisebenzisa kwezinye iindawo, umzekelo emsebenzini. Ubani usenokukhetha ukungayivumi le ndibaniselwano asuke azicinezele izimvo zakhe – nangona kunjalo, ukuqaphela ukutyeba kwamava ahlukeneyo, iindlela zokuveza izimvo neembono kwenza amaqela omeleleyo – amaqela anokuthi anxibelelane ngcono omnye komnye ngaphakathi nakwabo babakhonzayo.
Ekubhiyozeleni la mandla akhethekileyo kunye nengqiqo yokuba kunokwenzeka phakathi kwethu sonke ngabanye, abanye abasebenzi beZiko leeLwimi babelane ngento ethile ngonxulumano nolwimi lwabo lweenkobe:
Unxibelelwano kunye nobuntu-bomntu
[us_cta title=”” color=”light” btn_label=””]”Ndithanda ukucinga ngesiXhosa njengobuntu bam. Ndikhule ndiluthanda ulwimi lwam ngaphandle kokukuqaphela oko. Oko kwathi kwaziveza kubhalo lwesincoko okanye kuhlalutyo lwencwadi ngeli xesha ndandikwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Ndandikwanayo nencwadi endandibhala kuyo imibongo yesiXhosa. Ndikhumbula utitshala wam ebonisa ugxa wakhe ngencwadi endandiyihlalutyile ndisenza iBakala le-11. Ndingathi yiyo yonke le nto eyandikhuthazayo ukuba ndifune ukwazi nokufunda banzi ngolwimi lwam, njengoko ndaphela ndibhalisela isiXhosa njenge subject ephambili eYunivesithi. Ngelo xesha ke, ndandingazi nokuba mininzi imisebenzi umntu anokuyenza ngaphandle kokufundisa ulwimi, kodwa ndaqhubeka nokufunda isiXhosa ndiqhutywa kukusithanda.”
– Asiphe Sogiba,
Itoliki [/us_cta]
Uchulumanco lokwabelana ngolwimi lwakho lwenkobe
[us_cta title=”” btn_label=””]“Ndiyazingca ngesiAfrikaans. Ndikhule notata waseWest Coast owandifundisa amagama afana nelithi ‘snoek’,/ usnuku ‘bokkoms’ neebokomo [i-mullet enetyuwa,eyomileyo okanye elukhuni ekwabizwa ngokuba yiCape biltong], ‘galjoen’ negaljun. Namhlanje ndisasebenzisa intetho yakhe ayithandayo, ethi ‘Siesa Skipper!’, xa umntu enze into entle.
Ngoku ndingumhlohli onenyhweba yokufundisa abafundi bamazwe ngamazwe isiAfrikaans. Inzondelelo abalufunda ngayo ulwimi lwam lweenkobe iyandimangalisa rhoqo. Kwaye yonke into i-‘LEKKER’ [bayonwabela kakhulu]! Amagama kaNelson Mandela (acazululwe), Ukuba uthetha nendoda ngolwimi lwayo, oko kuya entliziyweni yakhe’, ayinyaniso. Ndiluthatha njengobizo ebomini bam ukuchukumisa iintliziyo zabantu ngokubazisa ngolwimi lwam lweenkobe.”
– uGqirha Vernita Beukes,
Umhlohli noMnxibelelanisi
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Ibonakalisa izithethi zayo
[us_cta title=”” color=”light” btn_label=””]“Ulwimi lwam lwenkobe sisiNgesi, nolwimi lukatata sisiNgesi kananjalo. Loo nto indenza ndibe ngumohluko kwilizwe lam uMzantsi Afrika, apho bemalunga neepesenti ezintlanu kuphela abemi abanesiNgesi njengolwimi lokuqala.
Ulwimi beluyinto endiyithandayo kakhulu ukusukela ndisemncinci kakhulu. Ndiqale uhambo lwam lolwimi ngokunika ingqalelo ngakumbi kupelo lwesiNgesi oluthandeleneyo kunye nokubiza amagama, kwaye bendikuthanda ukuzama ukusongela intloko yam kubunzima baso. Noko ke, kungekudala ndaqalisa ukufunda isiFrentshi, isiAfrikaans kunye nentwana yesiZulu, isiNgesi sibe sisikhokelo sam ekuboniseni indlela iilwimi ezahluke ngayo olunye kolunye.
Ngokuthe ngcembe ndabuqonda ubutyebi obuziswa kukufunda iilwimi ezininzi; ukuba ubuNgesi obugwegwelezayo ngentetho, nobuchubekileyo bunemvelaphi yesiFrentshi esithethwa kwinkundla yasebukhosini eNgilani kude kube yinkulungwane okanye ngaphezulu edlulileyo, kwaye kwashiya umkhondo wayo ngamagama anjengo ‘courtesy’ (imbeko), ‘liberty’( inkululeko), ‘fraternity’ (ubuzalwana), ‘equality’ (ukulingana), ne ‘university’ (iyunivesithi) kunye buthuntu bamagama eCeltic anjenge ‘quaff’, namanye amagama amaninzi anxulumene nempucuko, imfundo nomthetho. Ndafunda ukuba ubuthuntu bamagama eCeltic anjenge ‘quaff’ (ikwafu) ,‘drink’ no ‘sit’ (sela nohlala) ayinxalenye yeengcambu zesiNgesi zesiJamani kwaye zabethelelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwiilwimi zesiJamani ezifana nesiAfrikaans nesiJamani. Kwaye, okothusayo, amagama anemvelaphi yesiZulu afana ne ‘indaba’ (inkomfa, ngeendaba) no‘donga’ (umjelo owomileyo owenziwe kukukhukuliseka ngamanzi abalekayo), ‘babbelas’ ibhabhalazi ngokwesizulu, ‘bonsella’ (ibhasela) ayeyinxalenye yolwazi lwam lwesiNgesi, ethethwa kwincam yelizwekazi laseAfrika. IsiNgesi sam, nendisifunde kwidolophu yakowethu iRhawuti, sikwabonakalisa iinkcubeko ezininzi zabaphambukeli ezitsaleleke kule dolophu inemigodi, apho uqweqwediso lungamandla. Ngoko ke kum amagama e-Yiddish asetyenziswa kwisiNgesi saseMzantsi Afrika anjengo ‘chutzpah’ (ichutzpa), ‘schmuck’ (i-schmakhi), ‘kugel’ (imbumbulu), ‘bagel’ (ibhegi), ‘shabbat’ (isabatha), ‘platz’ (indawo) no ‘meshugge’ (nemeshuge) ongeza ubutyebi kwisigama sam yaye afana nobutyebi obulindele ukufunyanwa.”Umlawuli weZiko leeLwimi [/us_cta]
Uvakalelo lokubuyela ekhaya
[us_cta title=”” btn_label=””]“IsiAfrikaans yinto endayifunda kumama. Wayenelizwi elingathi yintsimbi, kwaye wayethetha isiAfrikaans ngokungazigwagwisi kunye nokunyaniseka kwaseSutherland eKaroo apho wakhulela khona – isiAfrikaans sikaNP van Wyk Louw. Ebudeni beholide yosapho yakutshanje eSwakopmund ndiye ndachukunyiswa yindlela ekwahluke ngayo apho nendlela endaziva ndisekhaya ngayo, ngaxeshanye. Umntu uva isiAfrikaans kuyo yonke indawo: esitratweni, kwincoko yabafazi ababini abangamaHerero abagaxele izinxibo zesintu; ukusuka kwi-Ovambo barista kwivenkile yekofu: ‘Is mevrou al gehelp … wat gaan dit vandag wees?’ [‘Ingaba sele uncediwe nkosikazi… iyakuba yintoni namhlanje?’]. Ibhinqa eliodola ikofu yalo lime ecaleni kwam lavela laqala incoko. Kamva uye wahlala ecaleni kwam waze wandibonisa iifoto zeSpitzkoppe. Uthi ukhulele eNamibia, kodwa wayehlala eRiphabhlikhi ixesha elininzi lobomi bakhe obudala. Amazwi akhe aphinda amava am: ‘Ingathi ndifikile ekhaya … ndingaphefumla apha.’ Kwimeko yam, le mvakalelo yayinento yokwenza kakhulu nomba wokuba ndiluva ulwimi lwam kuyo yonke indawo; ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nangokungazicingeli: iAfrikaans entle.
Ngelixa lokhenketho lokuhamba ngebhayisikile kumlambo iTsauchab, ndaphawula kwinkokheli yotyelelo yaseDamara kunye nosapho lwam indlela emihle ngayo imithi yomtamariske kunxweme lomlambo: ngesiAfrikaans intsele yomlambo yi‘rivierloop’, (ukubaleka komlambo) kwaye igama elithi ‘loop’ likwathetha ‘ukuhamba’ okanye ‘ukuqukuqela okanye ukubaleka’, kwimeko yolwelo]. Omnye wabantwana bam waphendula wathi: [Akukho manzi apha – iAfrikaans entle theni usithi umlambo uyaqukuqela nje?’] Inkokheli yokhenketho yamisa wonke umntu waza wehla kwibhayisekile yakhe. Wathetha nabantwana: ‘Umama wenu uthetha kakuhle isiAfrikaans- iAfrikaans entle.Yinto leyo nina bantwana eningaze niphulukane nayo.’ Xa ndandimbuza ngemvelaphi yakhe yolwimi, waphendula ukuba usapho lwakhe lwaluthetha isiDamara nesiNgesi kunye nesiJamani kancinci. [‘Kodwa sithetha isiBhulu xa sifuna ukuthetha isiBhulu; xa sifuna ukuthetha kakuhle.’]
Kum, laa ndoda yomDamara yenye yeembalasane zeholide yethu. Ubukho bakhe, kwakukho imvakalelo yokukhululeka ngokubanzi, imvakalelo yobuhlobo nokuqhelana nokuqondana; kwanemvakalelo yolonwabo.Itoliki ephezulu
Sikwanawo nombongo esinokwabelwana ngawo, kwaye sikhethe ukungawuguquleli lo mbongo koko sabelane ngawo kwimo yawo yokuqala ngolwimi lwesiAfrikaans. Lo mbongo ungolwimi njengelifa lomntu, kunye nendlela abacebisi bolwimi lomntu (abazali, ootitshala) kananjalo ube nempembelelo enkulu kwinto umntu ayijonga njengeyakhe.
My taal, my erfenis
Afrikaaps is nie my taal nie.
Daar het ek begin verstaantjent nie, maar kind,tjy nie, maar jy.Iemand wat hard werk is ʼn werkesel, anders was dit die rottang vir jou.
My taal kom uit die boeke wat ek lees.tjy en tjou, daar lewe ek.
My kom-vandaan is eenvoudig,
– Anne-Mari Lackay, Umququzeleli: Kwiingcebiso kwiLebhu yokuBhala
KwiZiko leeLwimi laseSU, sikholelwa ukuba lulwimi olusidibanisayo, kwaye siya kuhlala sidibanisa abantu ngokuphucula unxibelelwano nokuqonda.
Ibhlogi ebhalwe Susan Lotz noGqirha Kim Wallmach; uguqulo lolwimi lwenziwe nguSandisiwe Majika noGqirha Lwandlekazi Notshe noAsiphe Sogiba
20 February 2023 Tags: International Mother Language Day , life is language , mother tongue , multilingualism
Sibhiyozela uSuku loLwimi lweeNkobe lwaMazwe ngaMazwe ngomhla wama-21 kweyoMdumba kunyaka ngamnye. Kufanelekile ukuba sithathe ixesha ngolo suku ukuba sibhiyozele olo lwimi lokuqala ; olo lwathi lwavumela omnye nomnye kuthi ukuba aqalise ukwabelana ngeendlela alibona ngazo ihlabathi. Abantu abaninzi baqhele kakhulu ukwenza ushishino ngolwimi lwabo lwenkobe yonke imihla kangangokuba abayithatheli ngqalelo loo nto. Abanye ke abanayo loo nyhweba.
Indlela eyenye yokubhiyozela ulwimi lwethu lweenkobe kukuba senze imigudu yokuba sifunde size sisebenzise iilwimi zeenkobe zabantu abasingqongileyo. Ukususela kulo nyaka, sinenyhweba yokuba sifumane (size senze) lonke unxibelelwano olumiselekileyo oluya kwi-SU iphela ngeelwimi ezisesikweni zephondo lethu ezintathu: isiNgesi, isi-Afrikansi nesiXhosa.
Oku kuthetha ukuba kuza kwenziwa uguqulelo kulwimi lwesiXhosa oluninzi ngendlela engazange yenzeka ngaphambili kule Yunivesithi. Kwaye nkqu nokuba lunxibelelwano olungamiselekanga, uninzi lwethu lungathanda ukusebenza ngoquko size samkele isakhono sokusebenzisa iilwimi eziliqela nanini na xa kukwazeka kwiindawo zale Yunivesithi.
Inyaniso yeyokuba, noko kunjalo, bambalwa kakhulu abasebenzi base-SU abanako ukuvelisa imathiriyeli ngesiNgesi, ngesi-Afrikansi nangesiXhosa bebodwa. Sonke siyayidinga inkxaso yezeelwimi. Kwaye inkxaso ikhona, ngeendlela neendidi ezininzi. Imithombo anokuyisebenzisa umntu ixhomekeka, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ekubeni imathiriyeli leyo iza kusetyenziswa entwenini. Ngokuye beba baninzi abantu ebhekiswa kubo imathiriyeli leyo nangokuye iba ngokusisigxina imathiriyeli leyo, kungokuye kufuneka ukuba umntu alumke ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho woguqulo-lwimi olo. Oku kukwasebenza nakwingcaciso enokube iyabophelela ngokomthetho okanye enokube ingaguqula ubomi – okanye enokuba nobungozi kubomi bomntu ukuba iviwe ngendlela engeyiyo.
UGoogle Translate angabe uluncedo ngokukodwa ekufumaneni intsingiselo yegama, yebinzana okanye yentwana yombhalo ngokungephi. Kodwa kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba, nokuba kumangalisa kangakanani na ukuba umatshini unako ‘ukuguqula ulwimi’, unazo izithintelo zawo. Kwaye ukuba thina, njengabasebenzisi bale tekhnoloji, asiziqondi ezo zithintelo size sithathele ingqalelo imingcipheko enxulumene nezo zithintelo, ingaba sithi abakhangeleka okwezidenge ekugqibeleni. Uguqulo-lwimi lomatshini alunako ukuguqula ulwimi ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko. Kwaye ke amaxesha amaninzi imeko leyo kuguqulwa ulwimi kuyo iyinto yonke.
Umzekelo wakutsha nje, obalaseleyo ngumcimbi wokufakwa kophawu olungesiXhosa ekhampasini ekwakufuneka ukuba luxele iindawo zokuchamela kwisakhiwo esisekhampasini. Kwaye kwajongwa kuGoogle Translate, saza isiphumo soko, nesaye sahamba sada saya kufika kwisigaba soyilo apho kuprintwa khona, sabe besinokusishiya sonke sihlazekile ukuba olo guqulo-lwimi lophawu lwalwenziwe ngumatshini lwaluye lwaxhonywa ukuze wonke umntu alubone lungeelwimi zethu ezahluka-hlukeneyo zenkobe. Ngethamsanqa yaye yathinteleka kwa ngexesha intlekele, kwaye kwathethwa nomsebenzi-ngeelwimi kwaye xa kunamhlanje umntu unako ukuzifumana ezo ndawo zokuchamela ekhampasini ngesiXhosa esamkelekayo nesicacayo ukongeza kwisiNgesi nesi-Afrikansi.
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Indlela engcono yokufumana iinguqulelo-lwimi kukuzibandakanya nomsebenzi-ngeelwimi oqeqeshiweyo kwa kuqala. Le Yunivesithi ineNkonzo yeeLwimi ephelelyo kwiZiko layo leeLwimi, elindele ukuguqula ulwimi, ukuhlela okanye ukucebisa kwimiba ephathelene nolwimi.”
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E-SU, sonke sinako ukuba yinxalenye yethuba esinalo lokuphuhlisa isiXhosa nangakumbi, nokuba lulwimi lwethu lweenkobe kanti nokuba asilulo. Asiyi kuba nako ukwenza oku sisodwa, umntu ngamnye ezimele geqe. Kodwa ukuba siyasebenzisana ukuze siphuhlise indlela yokucinga engesakhono sokusebenzisa iilwimi eziliqela e-SU size sabelane ngoko sikufundileyo njengoko siqhubela phambili, kukhulu esinokukufezekisa.
Zama ukuhlonipha ulwimi lweenkobe lomnye umntu kulo nyaka. Kuloo nkqubo, maninzi kakhulu amathuba okuba ungaba nothando olunzulu ngakumbi ngokujoliswe kolwakho …
– nguSusan Lotz, ekhuthazwa liqela lomsebenzi wesiXhosa kwiZiko leeLwimi (uguqulo lolwimi lwenziwe ngu Siphumeze Mrwetyana noZama Bekweni)
16 February 2022 Tags: agglutanitive language , community of practice , Google Translate , isiXhosa translation , Language Policy , language professional , Language Service , language support , machine translation , multilingual mindset , pointers for isiXhosa translation , Terminology , translation tips
Uninzi lwethu alucingi kangako malunga nolwimi ngokwengqiqo ekuphileni kwethu ubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Kwaye noko kunjalo, ulwimi esilusebenzisa kwizifundo zethu, kwiimeko zasemisebenzini nakubudlelwane bethu buqu nabanye abantu lulo olwakha uhlobo lokuqonda ubuthina, uhlobo esithanda ukuba lulo ehlabathini, kunye noko kukokona kubaluleke kakhulu kuthi.
Indlela esinxibelelana ngayo inefuthe kwaye iyakutshintsha okusingqongileyo, nto leyo idala amaza anwenwayo kubomi bethu jikelele.
Kodwa asiyazi sonke indlela yokukwenza kakuhle oko, kwaye siyalibala ukuba unxibelelwano alukho malunga noko sikuthethayo kuphela, kodwa lukwamalunga nendlela okuvakala ngayo oko sikuthethayo, kananjalo nomntu lowo ukuvayo oko sikuthethayo. Sonke sineendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo zokucinga nokuqonda, kwaye sineemvelaphi namava ahlukahlukeneyo.
Ngoko ke, ukuphucula unxibelelwano akukho malunga nokwandisa amagama owaziyo nowasebenzisayo nokuchula usetyenziso lweempawu zokwakha izivakalisi ngokufanelekileyo nje kuphela. Kumalunga nokuqonda kakuhle abo siphila nabo ehlabathini, ukwakha ubudlelwane obunentsingiselo, ukuphuhlisa uluntu, nokudala ubomi obufanele ukuphilwa.
Nazi iindlela ezintathu ezilula ngokungakholelekiyo olunokuthi ulwimi lukuncede ngazo ukuba utshintshe ubomi bakho:
1. Ukuthotyelwa kwekwePOPIA? Thetha oko kufuneka ukuthethile ngokulula nangolwimi olucacileyo.
Umyalezo oneziphumo ezifanelekileyo kufuneka ube ubunjwe kakuhle kwaye ubhalwe ngolwimi olucacileyo. Njengoko umdlali webhesi odumileyo wayekhe wathi: “Ukwenza oko kulula kube nzima kuqhelekile; ukwenza okunzima kube lula, kube lula ngokumangazayo, obo bubuchule.” UMthetho woKhuselo lweNkcukacha zoMntu (POPIA) uqale ukusebenza ngomhla wo-1 kweyeKhala 2021 eMzantsi Afrika, kwaye loo nto iye yakhokelela kuthotho lweentetho zezomthetho ezingaqondekiyo malunga nothotyelo lwe-POPIA njengezi zilandelayo:
“Ukususela ngomhla we 01 kweyeKhala, namhlanje, uMthetho woKhuselo lweNkcukacha zoMntu (POPIA) uyaqala ukusebenza.[…] Ngoko ke, uyaziswa ukuba unelungelo lokwala ukunikezela ngemvume elolo hlobo kwaye ungalisebenzisa elo lungelo ngokuthi ulishiye eli qela/, ungaphuma ngokuthi ucofe kwilinki esezantsi kule imeyili.”
Ukuba ungathanda ngokwenene ukuqhagamshelana nabantu, kuphephe ukusebenzisa isigama esintsokothileyo uthethe ngqo le nto uzama ukuyichaza. Ungathanda nokuba ubabulele abantu ngokuthatha inxaxheba. Ngolu hlobo:
“Nanjengoko kungenzeka sele usazi, ukwaziswa koMthetho woKhuselo lweNkcukacha zoMntu (POPIA) kuye kwaqalisa ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo ngomhla we01 kweyeKhala 2021 eMzantsi Afrika. […] Ukuba ungathanda ukuqhubekeka ufumana iileta zethu zeendaba, akukho mfuneko yokuba wenza kwanto kwaye uza kuqhubeka ufumana unxibelelwano olusuka kuthi. Ukuba ukhetha ukulifumani unxibelelwano olu loluhlobo ukuya phambili, uvumelekile ukuba ucofe kwiqhosha lokuphuma elisezantsi kule mbalelwano.
Uyabulelwa ngokuba ube yinxalenye yoluntu esilwakhayo.”
2. Sebenzisa u ‘si’ no ‘yethu’, hayi u‘ndi’ no‘wena’: Dala uqhagamshelwano, hayi ukuqelelanisa abantu.
Sinako sonke ukuba ngumqobo ngokwethu ezindleleni zethu, maxa wambi oko kube kungezonjongo zethu. Abongameli neeNgqonyela zolawulo eziphumeleleyo ziyayazi ukuba eyona ndlela yokusombulula iyantlukwano phakathi kwabantu kukubalisa ibali lobuntu elilula nelimalunga neenqobo esabelana ngazo singabantu. Ukusebenzisa u’si’ no’yethu’, hayi u’ndi’ no’wena’ kwenza uqhagamshelwano phakathi kwabantu, nanjengoko uMongameli uNelson Mandela wayesazi ngelixa wayesenza intetho yokufungiswa kwakhe njengomongameli eyibhekise ebantwini baseMzantsi Afrika neendwendwe zakhe zakumazwe ngamazwe ngomhla we10 kuCanzibe, 1994:
“Izenzo zethu zemihla ngemihla njengabemi boMzantsi Afrika kufuneka zivelise ubunyani boMzantsi Afrika obuza kuqinisa inkolelo yabantu kubulungisa, bomeleze ithemba labo ekubalulekeni komphefumlo womntu ze bugcine onke amathemba ethu obomi obuzukileyo kumntu wonke.
Konke oku sizityala kona thina buqu kwaye sikutyala naba bantu behlabathi ababamelwe kakuhle kangaka apha namhlanje.
Kuthi zintandazwe, andinazintandabuzo ekuthini umntu ngamnye kuthi uncamathele nca kumhlaba weli lizwe lihle kangaka njengoko kuncamathele kuwo imithi edumileyo yejakharanda yasePitoli nemithi yomnga kumathafakazi eli.”
UMandela wayenako ukuthethela u‘si’, abantu ababenokubonwa njengabaneqhagamshela kunye nomhlaba woMzantsi Afrika noluntu lwayo olungabemi, ngokungathaliseki kokwahluka-hlukana kwabo. Obu yayibubuchule benene, kwaye kuthethwa ngokulandelelana kwezinto ngokwendalo, umhlaba, into wonke ubani akwaziyo ukuqhagamshelana nayo.
3. Bulisa umntu ngolwimi lwakhe, hayi ngolwakho. Hlwayela indlela yokucinga engesakhono sokusebenzisa iilwimi ngeelwimi.
Ukubulisa umntu ngolwimi lwakhe kubonakalisa ukuba uyikhathalele ngokwaneleyo inkcubeko yakhe ukuba ude ufunde okuthile okuncinci ngayo, kwaye kukuvulela iingcango ezinokube bezivalekile kuwe.
Nkqu nokubulisa nje okungenani kuyayibonakalisa inkcubeko yethu nendlela esicinga ngayo. Akunjalo kwiinkcubeko zaseAfrika. Ukunqwala intloko okanye uncumele umntu odibene naye ekufoleni umgca okanye esitratweni, okanye u”Molo” nje ohamba yedwa ngaphandle kokuthi “Unjani?” kuye kubonakala kungebuntu eMzantsi Afrika. Oku kusithatha kusibuyisele umva kwiindlela zesintu ezityebileyo zokubulisa neziquka ukubuza malunga nentlalo-ntle yomntu neyosapho lwakhe (nkqu neyezinyanya zakhe), njengoku kubulisa ngesiZulu:
Sawubona. Ninjani? Oku xa kuguqulelwa esiXhoseni kuthetha ukuthi: Molo (ngokoguqulo ngqo: siya kubona. Unjani (ngokoguqulo ngqo: ninjani?)
Isakhono sokusebenzisa iilwimi ngeelwimi simalunga nokungaphezulu kokuzimisela ukufunda nokusebenzisa iilwimi eziliqela nje kuphela. Kukwayindlela yokucinga. Kusixhobisa ekubeni sibe namava ambaxa nahluka-hlukeneyo, kwaye sizibandakanye noluntu ngendlela echukumisa intliziyo, hayi nje ingqondo kuphela.
Njengoko nabani na owakhe waba kwiphulo lokufunda ulwimi olutsha esazi, loo mava okufunda angabuguqula ubomi bakho. Njengoko amava akho olwimi kwimeko yenkcubeko yalo esanda, uza kufumanisa ukuba ezi lwimi nezi nkcubeko awuzigcini kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo engqondweni yakho, koko wakha ubuchule bokusebenzisa iilwimi ezininzi obukhulayo nalapho lonke ulwazi lwakho namava akho athi abe negalelo, nalapho iilwimi zithi zibe nonxulumano.
Njengokunkcenkceza kwamanzi kwiqula lamanzi, ulwimi luneziphumo ezingalindelekanga nezimangalisa ngokwenene.
– nguKim Wallmach, uguqulo lolwimi lwenziwe ngu Siphumeze Mrwetyana noZama Bekweni
UGqr Kim Wallmach nguMlawuli weZiko leeLwimi kwiYunivesithi yaseStellenbosch. Ubulela oogxa bakhe kuMasebe esi-Afrikansi nesiDatshi, iZifundo zeKharityhulam, iiLwimi zale Mihla, nakwiZiko leeLwimi ngegalelo labo kwixabiso lesakhono sokusebenzisa iilwimi ngeelwimi.
[us_image image=”17583″ size=”medium” style=”shadow-1″]
iziphumo ezinenwenwayo (isibizo) isiphumo sesiganeko esinye esithi sibe nefuthe kwezinye iziganeko ngendlela engalindelekanga, okanye kwiindawo ezingalindelekanga.
Izifundo ezingembali yamagama: ngokufaniswa namaza anwenwayo ngaphezu kwamanzi xa kuthe kwajulwa ilitye kuwowww.definitions.net/definition/ripple+effect
2 August 2021 Tags: Indlela yokucinga engeelwimi eziliqela
Inyanga kaCanzibe iqatshelwa njengenyanga yobu-Afrika. Olona suku lobuAfrika lubhiyozelwa ngomhla wama25 kuCanzibe ukukhumbula ukusekwa koMbutho woManyano lobuAfrika (Organisation of African Unity ) ekungoku nje waziwa njengoMbutho wobuAfrika (African Union) ngomhla wama25 kuCanzibe ngo-1963. Ngolu suku, iinkokheli zamazwe angama30 kumazwe angama-32 ase-Afrika azimeleyo atyikitya umqulu e-Addis Ababa, eYutopiya, zenza isifungo sokukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kobuzwe ngendlela yomanyano nenkululeko kwingcinezelo.
Kule nyanga, iZiko leeLwimi likhethe ukugqamisa iindima ezibalulekileyo ezithe zadlalwa zitoliki kwilizwekazi i-Afrika ukukhawulelana neengxaki zokungavani ngokweelwimi, ukusuka kubasebenzi-ngeelwimi abaqeqeshiweyo neembongi zeentlanga ngeentlanga zoluntu lwaseAfrika ukuza kwiitoliki zale mihla ezichophela ukwakhiwa kobuzwe zize zibonelele ngofikelelo kwiinkonzo ngokutolika kwiipalamente zezizwe, iinkomfa, iinkundla zamatyala nezibhedlele. Kwaye, neetoliki zezemfundo ezenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba abahlohli abakwiiYunivesithi bavakale ngolwimi lwesiAfrikansi, lwesiNgesi, lwesiXhosa noLwimi lokuthetha ngeZandla loMzantsi Afrika.
Isenzo sokutolika intetho esuka kolunye ulwimi iye kolunye kwilizwekazi iAfrika, njengakuyo nayiphi na enye indawo, isusela kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo. Kuluntu oluninzi lwase-Afrika, abasebenzi-ngeelwimi abaqeqeshiweyo okanye iimbongi zazikuludwe olude lwezithethi ezinesipho sokuthetha iilwimi ezahlukahlukenyo nezazisenza imibongo kwimisitho yoluntu ebalulekileyo ukubhiyozela izenzo zoloyiso neempawu zobungangamsha kwinkosi nezinyanya zayo. Ubugcisa bomlomo bee-groits (‘iimbongi zesintu’) zaseNtshona Afrika neembongi (‘praise singers’) zaseMazantsi Afrika busaqhubekeka nanamhlanje, nalapho iimbongi zisebenza njengabasasazi kwezopolitiko.
Ukuviwa kwamatyala kwiKomishoni yeNyaniso noXolelaniso (Truth and Reconciliation Commission) ukususela ngo-1996 ukuya ku-1998 kwaba lithuba lokuqala lokuba abemi boMzantsi Afrika abaninzi baqhelane nemimangaliso yokutolikwa kwentetho ngaxesha-linye nokwenziwa kwayo ngeelwimi ezilishumi elinanye ezisemthethweni zoMzantsi Afrika. Iitoliki zazichophela uxolelaniso ngelixa lokuviwa kwamatyala kwiKomishoni yeNyaniso noXolelaniso. Ukususela ngoko, ziye zaqhubekeka ngokuncedisa ekwakhiweni koMzantsi Afrika njengesizwe kuwisomthetho lwesizwe nolwamaphondo, iintlanganiso zamabhunga oomasipala neenkomfa. Abanye abaqeshi abakhulu beetoliki eAfrika baquka uMbutho wobuAfrika (African Union), iPalamente yama-Afrika oMthonyama, i-UNON (iOfisi eseNairobi yeZizwe eziManyeneyo), i-SADC (uPhuhliso loLuntu lwaseMzantsi Afrika) neBhanka yoPhuhliso lweAfrika (African Development Bank).
Kwihlabathi lonke jikelele, iitoliki zolwimi lokuthetha ngezandla zaziwa ngobuchule bokufikelela ngemfundo kubafundi abanokhubazeko lokungeva, kodwa into engaziwa kangako kukuba iitoliki zeelwimi ezithethwa ngomlomo nazo zinakho ukwenza okufanayo ngokujoliswe kubafundi abevayo. IiYunivesithi eziliqela zoMzantsi Afrika zenza ukuba izifundo zaseyunivesithi zifikeleleke kubafundi abangaziva bekhululekile kulwimi ekufundiswa ngalo. ESU, iitoliki zethu zezemfundo zisebenza ngesiAfrikansi, isiNgesi, isiXhosa noLwimi lokuthetha ngeZandla loMzantsi Afrika.
Siyayibhiyozela indima edlalwe ziitoliki kwiminyaka edlulileyo ukunceda iAfrika nabantu bayo ukuba baqhagamshelane futhi baphumelele. SiliZiko leeLwimi sizithatha njengabanenyhweba njengoko siyinxalenye yelo bali.
Ukuba uyitoliki esebenza eAfrika, nceda wabelane ngebali lakho. Sithumele i-imeyili kule dilesi taalsentrum@sun.ac.za .
– ngoKim Wallmach; ulwimi luguqulwe nguSipumeze Mrwetyana noZama Bekeweni
Umthombo:
Wallmach, K. 2015. Africa. In Pöchhacker, F. (ed.) Encyclopaedia of Interpreting Studies. London: Routledge.
24 May 2021 Tags: Africa Day , African Union , imbongi , Interpreting in Africa , nation-building , political commentator , praise singer , simultaneous interpreting , Truth and Reconciliation Committee
Yiba nomfanekiso ngqondweni ngehlabathi elingenalo ulwimi. Ingakwazi ukwenzeka lo nto xa ucinga? Awucingi ukuba ingenzeka lo nto?Awukhe uyicinge eyokuba ulwimi luthungelana neengcinga kwaye ayisebenzi eyokucinga ukuba ngaba awucingi ngolwimi lwakho? Uza kufikelela njani kwiingcinga zakho ukuba ngaba azizinzanga kuhlobo oluthile lolwimi?
Kwincwadi ethi , The language instinct, uSteven Pinker (1994:3) naye uyahambisana nezingcinga xa esithi: Language is so tightly woven into human experience that it is scarcely possible to imagine life without it. Chances are that if you find two or more people together anywhere on earth, they will soon be exchanging words” (Ulwimi lubhijeleke ngqo kumava omntu nto leyo inqabileyo ukuba bunganjani ubomi ngaphandle kolwimi. Maninzi amathuba apho unokufumana abantu ababini nangaphezulu naphina emhlabeni, ungabeva bencokola okanye besayinelana ngalo) Abantu abangakwaziyo ukuthetha nokuva basebenzisa ulwimi lwezandla njengabantu abevayo ngeendlebe abasebenzisa iilwimi ezithethwayo: ngokuhleka, ukukhala nokubhiyoza, kwaye iziphumo zezichukumisayo nezakhayo.
Yile ngcamango kanye esingenakho ukuba singangabelani ngayo ngolwimi lwethu nabanye abantu kwaye indenze ndicinge ngale nkululeko intle esiyiphathelwa lulwimi ukuze sikwazi ukuyisebenzisa. Ulwimi lukhulula iingcinga ezikwintloko zethu ngokusinika isixhobo sokulusebenzisa,kwaye maxa wambi sothule umthwalo osemagxeni omnye umntu. Ulwimi lunika indlela yemvakalelo, ukuviwa kwaye ukwazi ukunxulumana nabanye. Iilwimi ezahlukeneyo zilawulwa yimigaqo eyahlukeneyo yokubhalwa kwegrama, kodwa eyona Nkululeko ivulekileyo yile yokukwazi ukusebenzisa ulwimi kwaye uvelise into abanye abantu abangazange bayithetha ncakasana ngendlela ebalaseleyo. Cinga ngemibongo,iziqwengana zocamngco, iblogu,amavo okanye iincwadi ezinezihloko ezinye zababhali abahluka hlukeneyo.: umzila omhle abanokuhamba ngawo, kodwa kukho indlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zokuvakalisa imvakalelo. Le nto ayikwenzi ucinge ngokufuna ukuqala ukubhala into ngokukhawuleza?
Siphila kwixesha apho inkululeko yethu yentshukumo nenkululeko yendibano ziphantsi komngeni womngcipheko wolosuleleko. Nakubeni ezinye zenkululeko zethu zokudibana ziphantsi koku ncitshiswa ukuze kunqandwe ukunwena kobhubhane esijongene naye, inkululeko yethu yobungqondi ayiminywanga yona. Masamkele le meko sikuyo ingaqhelekanga ukuze sikhumbule izinto ezininzi esaziphathelwa yinkululeko.
Ukukhumbula usuku lweNkululeko kulo unyaka, thina kwiZiko leeLwimi sikhetha ukubhiyozela inkululeko esinayo kulwimi – amathuba angenasiphelo esiwaphathelwa lulwimi ukuze sivakalise imvakalelo zethu, sinxulumane nabanye abantu kwaye siphile ubomi bethu, nokuba ngaba amathuba ethu okubonana emancinci okwethutyana.
– nguSusan Lotz noKim Wallmach; translated by Zandile Kondowe
Full reference: Pinker, Steven. 1994. The language instinct: The new science of language and mind . Penguin Books: London. 3
22 April 2021 Tags: Indlela yokucinga engeelwimi eziliqela
Ngomhla wama 23, uMphathiswa wezobuGcisa neNkcubeko uMnu Nathi Mthethwa wabhengeza ukuthiywa ngokutsha kwezixeko ezifana neBhayi (iGqeberha); iMaclear (iNqanqarhu) neKing Williams Town (iQonce). Uninzi lwabantu abangazamiyo nokubizela oonoqhakancu, phakathi kwabo kukho abantetho isisiNgesi nesiAfrikansi, kuquka nabanye abaliqela abantetho isisiXhosa, le meko yokuthiywa kwezi zixeko babonakalise ukuyichasa kakhulu, kangangokuba bafaka amaxwebhu ezikhalazo okuchitha la magama matsha kubuyelwe kulawo aziwayo
Kodwa singayifumana into entle esinokuyizuza koku?
UZandile Kondowe,ongumhlohli kwiZiko leeLwimi ubalisa ngamava amnandi athe eza nolutshintsho lwamagama.Uthe xa encokola ngalo mba nabafundi bakhe bakudala nabatsha, babonakalisa ukuyithakazelela kakhulu, bazityand`igila ngelithi bona baza kungena kumajelo onxibelelwano, bafundise abantu ngendlela yokubizela la magama kwanokuwathanda kananjalo. Ngokwenza oku, abafundi basemzini baye bakhulelwe kukubahlonipha bonke abo bantetho isisiXhosa, bangapheleli nje ekuhlonipheni abafundisi-ntsapho babo kuphela, kuye kukhule nokuxabisa kwabo ulwimi kwanenkcubeko yamaXhosa. Oku kuzijula ijacu kwabafundi bethu abenza isiXhosa kwiZiko leelwimi, kundikhumbuza uNeville Alexander kwenye yeentetho zakhe mhla wathi, “Kufuneka siqalise ukusebenzisa iilwimi zesiNtu ngeendlela ezibonakalisa amandla azo, zibe nenxaxheba epheleleyo kwimimandla eyahlukileyo entlalweni, kwaye kumele zinikwe iwonga lobungangamsha njengeelwimi zenkcubeko.”
KuZandile esi senzo sihle kangaka sabafundi bakhe, singumzekelo omhle wokuhlonitshwa kwamalungelo oluntu. Endaweni yokugxeka indlela la magama matsha eedolophu zaseMpuma Kapa abizwa ngayo, bona bathathele kubo uxanduva lokufunda ukuwabizela, baze emva koko bafundise nabanye abantu abafumana ubunzima ekuwabizeleni.
UZandile umema bonke abafumana ubunzima ekuwabizeleni la magama kwiYunivesithi ngokubanzi, ukuba bathumele i-imeyile ku kondowe@sun.ac.za . Singathanda ukubafundisa ukubizela la magama kwaye sinazo neekhosi ezimfutshane ezimnandi nezifundisayo zesiXhosa ongazijoyina nawe!
Uzukhe ubukele ezi vidiyo zenziwe ngabanye babafundi bakaZandile ngendlela yokuzilungiselela ukubizela ezi ziqhakancu!
uAdnene Janse van Rensburg ekubizeleni ezi ziqhakancunse:
Nalapha u Austin Pepar uyasincedisa:
– nguZandile Kondowe noSusan Lotz
16 March 2021 Tags: 21 March , clicks in isiXhosa , Human Rights Day , isiXhosa course , isiXhosa pronunciation
