Ngowama27 kwekaTshazimpuzi, uMzantsi Afrika ukhumbula uSuku lweNkululeko, kuphawulwa isikhumbuzo solonyulo lokuqala lwenkqubo yolawulo lwesininzi luka1994 kwanokwaziswa komgaqosiseko omtsha (wethutyana), owaqinisekisa amalungelo alinganayo kunye neenkululeko zoluntu.
Kwisithuba seminyaka engamashumi amathathu nanye, uninzi lwabemi boMzantsi Afrika luselula kakhulu ukuba lungalukhumbula usuku lokuqala lwenkululeko, ngelixa benokuba sele balahlekelwa yinkumbulo abanye, okanye kwangenelela uhlobo oluthile lokungakhathali. Futhi ke iinkxalabo ezivelayo kuyile mihla nje ngelizwe lethu kunye nangehlabathi zingabashiya bonwabile abanye. Ezo ke zezona zizathu zimele ukusikhokelela ekuphulaphuleni isiyalo sikaMadiba esithi: “Inkululeko ayinakho ukungahoyakali. Isizukulwana ngasinye kufuneka siyifumbathe ze siyandise.”
Inkululeko ayinakho ukungahoyakali. Isizukulwana ngasinye kufuneka siyifumbathe ze siyandise.
USuku lweNkululeko lusimemela ekuhlonipheni ukuzinikela okwenziwe kwidabi lokulwisana nenkqubo yocalucalulo kwanokucingisisa ngeenkululeko ezizuzeke ngenxa yoko kuzinikela. Futhi ke minyaka le oko kusikhumbuza ukuba inkululeko iza noxanduva lokusebenzisa amandla ethu singabanye kwananjengeembumba ukuze senze kangangoko ngenkululeko yethu ze sivuselele nenkululeko yabanye.
Inkululeko ayiyoyopolitiko nje kuphela; ikwayeyenkcubeko; ikwayeyolwimi kwanokuzivakalisa. Amalungelo okuvota, awokuphila ngaphandle koloyiko lokutshutshiswa, kwanawokuthatha inxaxheba kubomi njengommi, angundoqo. Kodwa ke la malungelo akagqibelelanga ngaphandle kwelungelo lokuzivakalisa kwakunye nenkululeko yolwimi igunya lokuthetha, elokucinga, elokudala kwanelokunxibelelana ngolwimi olukhethayo. Ukuba ilizwi lakho alivakali, awunakho ukuthatha inxaxheba. Ukuba unokungaqondi, awunakho ukuxhamla kumalungelelo. Ngamafutshane, ukuba ulwimi lwakho lukhutshelwe ngaphandle, kukwanjalo nakuwe.
UMgaqosiseko woMzantsi Afrika uyanconywa ubukhulu becala njengomnye weyona inenkqubelaphambili kakhulu ehlabathini. UMqulu waMalungelo uqinisekisa inkululeko yokuzivakalisa kwakunye nenkululeko yolwimi, unakana ishumi elinesibini leelwimi ze uxabise ngokuphandle iyantlukwano ngokweenkcubeko nangokweelwimi.
Inkululeko ayiyoyopolitiko nje kuphela; ikwayeyenkcubeko; ikwayeyolwimi kwanokuzivakalisa. […] Ngamafutshane, ukuba ulwimi lwakho lukhutshelwe ngaphandle, kukwanjalo nakuwe.
Kodwa ke kuninzi lwabemi boMzantsi Afrika, ingakumbi kwabo baneelwimi zeenkobe ezingesosiNgesi okanye iAfrikansi, ilungelo lokuzivakalisa ngokugqibeleleyo lihlala linkonywe lithemba kunokuba libe leliphilayo. IsiNgesi sinkqenkqeza phambili kwinkalo yemfundo ephakamileyo, eburhulumenteni, kumajelo eendaba nakwezobuchwepheshe, sibe ke ngoko siba lisango elikhokelela kumathuba kwakunye nophawu lomgangatho: abo basicwabayo isiNgesi bayakwazi ukuxhamla kwingqesho, ubulungisa kwanakumaqonga ezobuchwepheshe; abo bangakhange basale ngemva. Kule nkqubo, iilwimi zaseAfrika azinikwa xabiso yaye zisoloko zithatyathwa njengeempawu zelifa lemveli kunokuba zibe ziziinkqubo eziphilayo zengqiqo, kube ke ngoko kuphasalalaka ukuzigwagwisa ngenkcubeko ze kuthintele ukusasazeka kolwazi kwizizukulwana.
Makhe simeni apha ze siqwalaselisise okomzuzwana ukuba oku kuthetha ukuthini na ngokwamava obomi bemihla ngemihla kwizigidi zabemi boMzantsi Afrika: kumntu othetha isiVenda ongenakho ukuxhamla kwiinkonzo zeengcebiso zomthetho ngolwimi lwakokwabo; isigulana esingumXhosa esimhokamhokana nokucacisa ngeempawu kugqirha othetha isiNgesi; umntwana othetha isiPedi ekufuneka efunde ukufunda ngesiNgesi ngaphambi kokuba acwabe olwakokwabo ulwimi. Ingaba ithetha ntoni inkululeko kubo?
Ukuqaqambisa ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezahlukeneyo
KuMzantsi Afrika osebenzisa iilwimi ezahlukeneyo ngokwenene, akukho lulwimi beluya kukhutshelwa ngaphandle, futhi ke kungekho namntu ubeya kukhutshelwa ngaphandle. Ukuba bekungekho kusilela ngokwezibonelelo kwanangokweziseko zophuhliso kwaye kungekho namsantsa phakathi kwemigaqonkqubo nezenzo, bekuya kubakho iinkonzo zikarhulumente ngazo zonke iilwimi ezisesikweni ze kufikelelwe ngokupheleleyo nakumaqonga ezobuchwepheshe kwanakumanye. Bekuya kutyalwa kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela nezokutolika kwanakwizixhobo zobuchwepheshe zeelwimi kwiilwimi zomthonyama; yaye ibiya kubakho inkxaso ekudalweni komongo ngeelwimi ezingasetyenziswa ngokugqibeleleyo, ingakumbi kumaqonga ezobuchwepheshe. Bekuya kufuneka kuphendulwe ngokwasemthethweni xa ethe atyeshelwa amalungelo eelwimi aqinisekiswe kumgaqosiseko. Futhi ke, bekuya kubakho imfundo ngolwimi lweenkobe ndawonye neenkqubo zengqiqo ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo kuwo onke amanqanaba esikolo.
Asikafiki apho – kodwa ke, inkululeko ayisosiphelo; ikukusoloko usenza amatiletile, ikukuba nguwe. Ukulwelwa kwamalungelo eelwimi kuya kusiba nefuthe yaye kuninzi ekufuneka kubhiyozelwe kwanesinokwakhela kuko.
Asikafiki apho – kodwa ke, inkululeko ayisosiphelo; ikukusoloko usenza amatiletile, ikukuba nguwe. Ukulwelwa kwamalungelo eelwimi kuya kusiba nefuthe yaye kuninzi ekufuneka kubhiyozelwe kwanesinokwakhela kuko.
Iphulo lokufunda likaNal’ibali lisasaza amabali abantwana ngazo zonke iilwimi zoMzantsi Afrika ngenjongo yokukhuthaza ukufunda kwanokubaliswa kwamabali kuselithuba ekhaya, yaye amaphulo afana nePRAESA aphakamisa isakhono sokufunda nesokubhala kwangethuba kwiilwimi zaseAfrika, ukusebenzela ukumisela iinguqu kwinkqubo yemfundo ukususela kumanqanaba asezantsi ukuya kwaphezulu. Kwangaxeshanye, ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezahlukeneyo ngexesha elinye kunikezela ngenkqubo enokuzisa iinguqu ezintle ekufundeni nasekufundiseni ngendlela etyhutyhatyhutyha kwiyantlukwano ngokweelwimi ngendlela eyongezayo kwanangesekelwe kumakulinganwe kwigumbi lokufundela ngendlela exhobisa abafundi abalwimi zahlukeneyo nexabisa ulwazi abaza nalo.
Kwinqanaba lemfundo ephakamileyo, iSebe leMfundo ePhakamileyo noQeqesho (iDHET) yaqoshelisa isikhokelo sokumiselwa kwemigaqonkqubo yeelwimi (sika2020) esijoliswe ekuphakamiseni ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezahlukeneyo kwanokuphuhliswa kweelwimi zomthonyama kwiiyunivesithi zikawonkewonke zaseMzantsi Afrika ezingama26; ze ngo2023 isebe labekela bucala malunga namaR70 ezigidi kwisithuba seminyaka emithathu ngenjongo yokuncedisa iiyunivesithi ukuba zifikelele kule minqweno. Ukuphakanyiswa kwengqiqo yeelwimi ezahlukeneyo eSU kulilinge eliqhubayo, yaye kuyinto oluthi lonke uluntu lwale Yunivesithi, kwinqanaba lezifundo kwaneloluntu, lwabelane ngoxanduva lwayo. ISU isebenzise iimali ezifumeneyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ukuvuselela amatiletile ayo okwenyusa izinga lobumbano loluntu kwanokubandakanywa ngolwimi kweli ziko. Ukudalwa kwemeko eyamkelayo ekhampasini kwanokuphakanyiswa kwengqiqo yokusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezahlukeneyo phakathi koluntu lwale khampasi ngokubanzi ngamanqaku abanzi, yaye imizekelo yamatiletile abonakalayo luLuntu oLwakhayo kwinkqubo yocweyo lweeLwimi eZahlukeneyo enikezelwa kubafundi nabasebenzi baseSU, kwanangokwezifundo zesiXhosa nezoLwimi lweeMpawu loMzantsi Afrika (iSASL) ezinikezelwa kubafundi nakubasebenzi, simahla. Elinye ilinge elichulumancisayo eSU liphulo lophuhliso lwesigama sesiXhosa.
Ukuphakanyiswa kwengqiqo yeelwimi ezahlukeneyo eSU kulilinge eliqhubayo, yaye kuyinto oluthi lonke uluntu lwale Yunivesithi, kwinqanaba lezifundo kwaneloluntu, lwabelane ngoxanduva lwayo.
Kwiqonga lezobuchwepheshe, abapapashi nabadidiyeli bayafikelela kuluntu, kubaliswa amabali ngelixa kumiselwa isingqi senkcubeko kwimicimbi yemibongo esindlekwa kumaqonga ezobuchwepheshe, iipodkhasti, okanye iividiyo zikaTik Tok, phakathi kwezinye, ngesiXhosa, ngesiTswana, ngesiTsonga; ngelixa ilinge leMasakhane lihlanganisa iingcaphephe zaseAfrika zeIT ngenjongo yokwakha izixhobo zokusetyenziswa kweelwimi zendalo kusenzelwa iilwimi zaseAfrika, kuqinisekiswa ukuba zimelwe kwiAI, kwizixhobo zelizwi kwanakwiinguqulelo ezenziwa yimitshini.
Inkululeko ligama lokwenza
Inkululeko yolwimi ayizifezekisi ngokwayo iyinto apha esimele ukuba yiyo, sisebenze kuyo ze siyikhusele ngenjongo yokuyinika intsingiselo. Xa sikhetha ukuthetha ngeelwimi zethu, singqina ixabiso lazo. Xa sinyanzelisa ukubandakanywa kwigumbi lokufundela, kwezobuchwepheshe, kwezononophelo lwempilo okanye kwezosasazo sihlonipha ilungelo likawonkewonke lokuviwa. Futhi ke xa sifundisa, sidala, ze siphulaphule ngaphaya kwemida yeelwimi, sakha uluntu olukhululekileyo nolusekelwe kumakulinganwe.
Xa sikhetha ukuthetha ngeelwimi zethu, singqina ixabiso lazo.
– nguTania Botha, ze yaguqulelwa nguFundile Majola noNcebakazi Saliwa-Mogale
