Stellenbosch University Language Centre

Tag: multilingual mindset

Masithetheni inkululeko yeelwimi ekubhiyozeleni uSuku lweNkululeko

Ngowama27 kwekaTshazimpuzi, uMzantsi Afrika ukhumbula uSuku lweNkululeko, kuphawulwa isikhumbuzo solonyulo lokuqala lwenkqubo yolawulo lwesininzi luka1994 kwanokwaziswa komgaqosiseko omtsha (wethutyana), owaqinisekisa amalungelo alinganayo kunye neenkululeko zoluntu.  

Kwisithuba seminyaka engamashumi amathathu nanye, uninzi lwabemi boMzantsi Afrika luselula kakhulu ukuba lungalukhumbula usuku lokuqala lwenkululeko, ngelixa benokuba sele balahlekelwa yinkumbulo abanye, okanye kwangenelela uhlobo oluthile lokungakhathali. Futhi ke iinkxalabo ezivelayo kuyile mihla nje ngelizwe lethu kunye nangehlabathi zingabashiya bonwabile abanye. Ezo ke zezona zizathu zimele ukusikhokelela ekuphulaphuleni isiyalo sikaMadiba esithi: “Inkululeko ayinakho ukungahoyakali. Isizukulwana ngasinye kufuneka siyifumbathe ze siyandise.”  

Inkululeko ayinakho ukungahoyakali. Isizukulwana ngasinye kufuneka siyifumbathe ze siyandise.

USuku lweNkululeko lusimemela ekuhlonipheni ukuzinikela okwenziwe kwidabi lokulwisana nenkqubo yocalucalulo kwanokucingisisa ngeenkululeko ezizuzeke ngenxa yoko kuzinikela. Futhi ke minyaka le oko kusikhumbuza ukuba inkululeko iza noxanduva lokusebenzisa amandla ethu singabanye kwananjengeembumba ukuze senze kangangoko ngenkululeko yethu ze sivuselele nenkululeko yabanye. 

Inkululeko ayiyoyopolitiko nje kuphela; ikwayeyenkcubeko; ikwayeyolwimi kwanokuzivakalisa. Amalungelo okuvota, awokuphila ngaphandle koloyiko lokutshutshiswa, kwanawokuthatha inxaxheba kubomi njengommi, angundoqo. Kodwa ke la malungelo akagqibelelanga ngaphandle kwelungelo lokuzivakalisa kwakunye nenkululeko yolwimi igunya lokuthetha, elokucinga, elokudala kwanelokunxibelelana ngolwimi olukhethayo. Ukuba ilizwi lakho alivakali, awunakho ukuthatha inxaxheba. Ukuba unokungaqondi, awunakho ukuxhamla kumalungelelo. Ngamafutshane, ukuba ulwimi lwakho lukhutshelwe ngaphandle, kukwanjalo nakuwe. 

UMgaqosiseko woMzantsi Afrika uyanconywa ubukhulu becala njengomnye weyona inenkqubelaphambili kakhulu ehlabathini. UMqulu waMalungelo uqinisekisa inkululeko yokuzivakalisa kwakunye nenkululeko yolwimi, unakana ishumi elinesibini leelwimi ze uxabise ngokuphandle iyantlukwano ngokweenkcubeko nangokweelwimi. 

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Inkululeko ayiyoyopolitiko nje kuphela; ikwayeyenkcubeko; ikwayeyolwimi kwanokuzivakalisa. […] Ngamafutshane, ukuba ulwimi lwakho lukhutshelwe ngaphandle, kukwanjalo nakuwe. 

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Kodwa ke kuninzi lwabemi boMzantsi Afrika, ingakumbi kwabo baneelwimi zeenkobe ezingesosiNgesi okanye iAfrikansi, ilungelo lokuzivakalisa ngokugqibeleleyo lihlala linkonywe lithemba kunokuba libe leliphilayo. IsiNgesi sinkqenkqeza phambili kwinkalo yemfundo ephakamileyo, eburhulumenteni, kumajelo eendaba nakwezobuchwepheshe, sibe ke ngoko siba lisango elikhokelela kumathuba kwakunye nophawu lomgangatho: abo basicwabayo isiNgesi bayakwazi ukuxhamla kwingqesho, ubulungisa kwanakumaqonga ezobuchwepheshe; abo bangakhange basale ngemva. Kule nkqubo, iilwimi zaseAfrika azinikwa xabiso yaye zisoloko zithatyathwa njengeempawu zelifa lemveli kunokuba zibe ziziinkqubo eziphilayo zengqiqo, kube ke ngoko kuphasalalaka ukuzigwagwisa ngenkcubeko ze kuthintele ukusasazeka kolwazi kwizizukulwana. 

Makhe simeni apha ze siqwalaselisise okomzuzwana ukuba oku kuthetha ukuthini na ngokwamava obomi bemihla ngemihla kwizigidi zabemi boMzantsi Afrika: kumntu othetha isiVenda ongenakho ukuxhamla kwiinkonzo zeengcebiso zomthetho ngolwimi lwakokwabo; isigulana esingumXhosa esimhokamhokana nokucacisa ngeempawu kugqirha othetha isiNgesi; umntwana othetha isiPedi ekufuneka efunde ukufunda ngesiNgesi ngaphambi kokuba acwabe olwakokwabo ulwimi. Ingaba ithetha ntoni inkululeko kubo? 

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Ukuqaqambisa ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezahlukeneyo  

KuMzantsi Afrika osebenzisa iilwimi ezahlukeneyo ngokwenene, akukho lulwimi beluya kukhutshelwa ngaphandle, futhi ke kungekho namntu ubeya kukhutshelwa ngaphandle. Ukuba bekungekho kusilela ngokwezibonelelo kwanangokweziseko zophuhliso kwaye kungekho namsantsa phakathi kwemigaqonkqubo nezenzo, bekuya kubakho iinkonzo zikarhulumente ngazo zonke iilwimi ezisesikweni ze kufikelelwe ngokupheleleyo nakumaqonga ezobuchwepheshe kwanakumanye. Bekuya kutyalwa kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela nezokutolika kwanakwizixhobo zobuchwepheshe zeelwimi kwiilwimi zomthonyama; yaye ibiya kubakho inkxaso ekudalweni komongo ngeelwimi ezingasetyenziswa ngokugqibeleleyo, ingakumbi kumaqonga ezobuchwepheshe. Bekuya kufuneka kuphendulwe ngokwasemthethweni xa ethe atyeshelwa amalungelo eelwimi aqinisekiswe kumgaqosiseko. Futhi ke, bekuya kubakho imfundo ngolwimi lweenkobe ndawonye neenkqubo zengqiqo ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo kuwo onke amanqanaba esikolo. 

Asikafiki apho – kodwa ke, inkululeko ayisosiphelo; ikukusoloko usenza amatiletile, ikukuba nguwe. Ukulwelwa kwamalungelo eelwimi kuya kusiba nefuthe yaye kuninzi ekufuneka kubhiyozelwe kwanesinokwakhela kuko. 

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Asikafiki apho – kodwa ke, inkululeko ayisosiphelo; ikukusoloko usenza amatiletile, ikukuba nguwe. Ukulwelwa kwamalungelo eelwimi kuya kusiba nefuthe yaye kuninzi ekufuneka kubhiyozelwe kwanesinokwakhela kuko. 

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Iphulo lokufunda likaNal’ibali lisasaza amabali abantwana ngazo zonke iilwimi zoMzantsi Afrika ngenjongo yokukhuthaza ukufunda kwanokubaliswa kwamabali kuselithuba ekhaya, yaye amaphulo afana nePRAESA aphakamisa isakhono sokufunda nesokubhala kwangethuba kwiilwimi zaseAfrika, ukusebenzela ukumisela iinguqu kwinkqubo yemfundo ukususela kumanqanaba asezantsi ukuya kwaphezulu. Kwangaxeshanye, ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezahlukeneyo ngexesha elinye kunikezela ngenkqubo enokuzisa iinguqu ezintle ekufundeni nasekufundiseni ngendlela etyhutyhatyhutyha kwiyantlukwano ngokweelwimi ngendlela eyongezayo kwanangesekelwe kumakulinganwe kwigumbi lokufundela ngendlela exhobisa abafundi abalwimi zahlukeneyo nexabisa ulwazi abaza nalo. 

Kwinqanaba lemfundo ephakamileyo, iSebe leMfundo ePhakamileyo noQeqesho (iDHET) yaqoshelisa isikhokelo sokumiselwa kwemigaqonkqubo yeelwimi (sika2020) esijoliswe ekuphakamiseni ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezahlukeneyo kwanokuphuhliswa kweelwimi zomthonyama kwiiyunivesithi zikawonkewonke zaseMzantsi Afrika ezingama26; ze ngo2023 isebe labekela bucala malunga namaR70 ezigidi kwisithuba seminyaka emithathu ngenjongo yokuncedisa iiyunivesithi ukuba zifikelele kule minqweno. Ukuphakanyiswa kwengqiqo yeelwimi ezahlukeneyo eSU kulilinge eliqhubayo, yaye kuyinto oluthi lonke uluntu lwale Yunivesithi, kwinqanaba lezifundo kwaneloluntu, lwabelane ngoxanduva lwayo. ISU isebenzise iimali ezifumeneyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ukuvuselela amatiletile ayo okwenyusa izinga lobumbano loluntu kwanokubandakanywa ngolwimi kweli ziko. Ukudalwa kwemeko eyamkelayo ekhampasini kwanokuphakanyiswa kwengqiqo yokusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezahlukeneyo phakathi koluntu lwale khampasi ngokubanzi ngamanqaku abanzi, yaye imizekelo yamatiletile abonakalayo luLuntu oLwakhayo kwinkqubo yocweyo lweeLwimi eZahlukeneyo enikezelwa kubafundi nabasebenzi baseSU, kwanangokwezifundo zesiXhosa nezoLwimi lweeMpawu loMzantsi Afrika (iSASL) ezinikezelwa kubafundi nakubasebenzi, simahla. Elinye ilinge elichulumancisayo eSU liphulo lophuhliso lwesigama sesiXhosa. 

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Ukuphakanyiswa kwengqiqo yeelwimi ezahlukeneyo eSU kulilinge eliqhubayo, yaye kuyinto oluthi lonke uluntu lwale Yunivesithi, kwinqanaba lezifundo kwaneloluntu, lwabelane ngoxanduva lwayo.

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Kwiqonga lezobuchwepheshe, abapapashi nabadidiyeli bayafikelela kuluntu, kubaliswa amabali ngelixa kumiselwa isingqi senkcubeko kwimicimbi yemibongo esindlekwa kumaqonga ezobuchwepheshe, iipodkhasti, okanye iividiyo zikaTik Tok, phakathi kwezinye, ngesiXhosa, ngesiTswana, ngesiTsonga; ngelixa ilinge leMasakhane lihlanganisa iingcaphephe zaseAfrika zeIT ngenjongo yokwakha izixhobo zokusetyenziswa kweelwimi zendalo kusenzelwa iilwimi zaseAfrika, kuqinisekiswa ukuba zimelwe kwiAI, kwizixhobo zelizwi kwanakwiinguqulelo ezenziwa yimitshini.  

Inkululeko ligama lokwenza 

Inkululeko yolwimi ayizifezekisi ngokwayo iyinto apha esimele ukuba yiyo, sisebenze kuyo ze siyikhusele ngenjongo yokuyinika intsingiselo. Xa sikhetha ukuthetha ngeelwimi zethu, singqina ixabiso lazo. Xa sinyanzelisa ukubandakanywa kwigumbi lokufundela, kwezobuchwepheshe, kwezononophelo lwempilo okanye kwezosasazo sihlonipha ilungelo likawonkewonke lokuviwa. Futhi ke xa sifundisa, sidala, ze siphulaphule ngaphaya kwemida yeelwimi, sakha uluntu olukhululekileyo nolusekelwe kumakulinganwe. 

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Xa sikhetha ukuthetha ngeelwimi zethu, singqina ixabiso lazo.

– nguTania Botha, ze yaguqulelwa nguFundile Majola noNcebakazi Saliwa-Mogale 

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IiLwimi ziluLutho! Umhla wokuBhiyozela iiLwimi zeeNkobe weHlabathi wowama2025

ULwesihlanu wowama21 kweyoMdumba (Februwari) uphawula iminyaka engama25 wesikhumbuzo soMhla wokuBhiyozela iiLwimi zeeNkobe weHlabathi (IMLD), osisikhumbuzo esenziwa kwihlabathi lonke qho ngonyaka ukukhuthaza ulwaziso loluntu malunga neelwimi ngeelwimi neenkcubeko ngeenkcubeko kwakunye nokukhulisa ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ngeelwimi. Olu suku olwamiselwa yiUNESCO ngowe1999, luqaqambisa indima engundoqo yeelwimi kwezemfundo, kugcino lwenkcubeko nakubandakanyeko loluntu kusetyenziswa ulwimi, kananjalo lugqamisa imingeni yeelwimi ezisemngciphekweni wokutshabalala neyoluntu oluthetha iilwimi ngeelwimi olukwihlabathi lonke.

Ngowama21 kweyoMdumba (Februwari) 1952, abafundi abahlanu baye babulawa baze abaninzi bonzakala xa ngamapolisa ngenxa yokuba babe noqhankqalazo eBangladesh (eyayibizwa ngelo xesha ngokuba yiEast Pakistan) lokuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo iBengali njengolwimi olusemthethweni. Kwiminyaka emine elandela leyo, iBengali yathi yaba lulwimi olusemthethweni.

Into eyaqala njengentshukumo yesizwe yahlupheza intshukumo yehlabathi lonke ukuba kulwelwe amalungelo olwimi. Ngoku, olu suku luluphawu lwamalungelo omntu ngamnye ukuba afunde, athethe ze aphuhlise ulwimi lwakhe lweenkobe engenaxhala lokucalulwa okanye lokucinezelwa.”

Lo asingomba wamagama kuphela

Ngaphakathi kwiilwimi zoluntu kukho iinkcubeko, iimbali nokutyhila ukuba abantu abathetha ezo lwimi bangoobani na. Xa ulwimi luduka, kulahleka indlela ethile yokucinga, nobaliso lwamabali kunye nokuqondwa kwehlabathi unomphelo. I-UN iqikelela ukuba kukho malunga ne8 300 yeelwimi kwihlabathi lonke, yaye malunga ne40% yezo lwimi isemngciphekweni wokutshabalala okanye ‘wokuphela’, ngamanye amazwi, akukho bantwana okanye bantu batsha abathetha olo lwimi yaye ngabantu abadala abambalwa kuphela abasaluthethayo. Okubuhlungu ke, kukuba oku kubandakanya ulwimi lokugqibela kwiilwimi ezazithethwa ngamaKhoisan eMzantsi. Ukususela ngo2017, iNama, elulwimi olwaluthethwa kakhulu luluntu lwamaKhoisan eMntla Koloni, ibisele ithethwa kuphela ngabantu abangama2 000, uninzi lwabo ingabo baneminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu; ngabantu abadala abathathu kuphela beKhomani San abasathetha ulwimi lweN | uu; yaye babini kuphela abantu abaziwayo abasathetha iKora, elulwimi lwamaKorana.

Nanjengokuba umsebenzi wolwimi ungaphelelanga ekunxibelelaneni ngalo, ukuba neelwimi ezahlukahlukileyo asiyonto yokugcina nje amagama, koko ikwangumba wokutshintshiselana ngeenkcubeko nokuqinisekisa ukuba wonke ubani uyafikelela kumathuba ezemfundo nakumathuba onke akhoyo. Umxholo weIMLD 2025, “Iilwimi ziLulutho (Languages Matter)!” ukwagxininisa isidingo esingxamisekileyo senkqubela sokuthathelwa ingqalelo kweelwimi ezahlukahlukileyo nokubandakanywa kwazo njengenxalenye yeeNjongo neZiPhumo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo zeUN (SDGs). ukuSetyenziswa kwazo kwiHlabathi lonke. Imigaqonkqubo yeelwimi ezongamela ezinye nenkqubela kwiteknoloji kubeka engozini ukuthathelwa ingqalelo kweyantlukwano ngokweelwimi, nto leyo ethi ikhokelele ekucezelweni kweelwimi ezingabonwa njengezisetyenziswa kakhulu. Kungokunje, zingaphantsi kwe100 iilwimi ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kunxibelelwano ngedijithali nakumaqonga eintanethi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kungafikeleli wonke umntu kulwazi nakumathuba okufunda kwabo bathetha iilwimi ezithethwa ngabantu abambalwa. Kuba ngoku iteknoloji iyiyo esetyenziselwa unxibelelwano, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iilwimi, kubandakanywa iilwimi zesintu nezo zithethwa ngabantu abambalwa, ziyamelwa kwezemfundo, kubomi bukawonkewonke nakumaqonga edijithali.

Ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ngeelwimi nokunye

Ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ngeelwimi kuxela ubukho beelwimi ezingaphezu kwesibini kummandla othile okanye ukukwazi ukuthetha ngaphezu kweelwimi ezimbini. Eli libinzana elisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiingxoxo ezimalunga nemfundo nobandakanyeko loluntu. Uphando lubonakalisa ukuba ama40% oluntu kwihlabathi akafikeleli kwimfundo ngolwimi abantu abo abaluthethayo okanye abaluqondayo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kube nzima ukuba abantwana baphumeze konke ebebenokuphumeza.

Ngokufaka iilwimi zeenkobe kwimfundo, uluntu lungakhula ekukwazini ukufunda nokubhala, iziphumo zokufunda zingaphucuka yaye abantu banganonxibelelwano olunzulu nenkcubeko yabo.”

Ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezininzi ngaxeshanye, okusisigama esisandula ukusetyenziswa akupheleli nje ekwazini iilwimi ezininzi. Kugxininisa ukukwazi ukusebenzisa iilwimi ezininzi ngaxeshanye, umntu ekufumana oko kwiilwimi neenkcubeko ezahlukileyo. Ngokungafani nombono “wobungcungela” kwiilwimi ezahlukileyo, ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezininzi ngaxeshanye, kuthathela ingqalelo ukuba umntu usenokungazazi ngokupheleleyo zonke ezo lwimi, koko uye asebenzise iilwimi ezahlukileyo ngokwemeko nesidingo selo xesha.

Isiseko soku kukunxibelelana ngempumelelo endaweni yokukwazi ulwimi olo ngokupheleleyo njengeyona njongo yokufunda ulwimi. Xa kusetyenziswa iilwimi ezininzi ngaxeshanye kwezemfundo, naxa kukhuthazwa ukufundwa kweelwimi ukususela ebuntwaneni, kungaxhobisa umntu ngamnye ngezakhono zokuphumelela kwihlabathi ngeli lixa kugcinwa ubambelelo olumandla kulwimi lweenkobe. E-SU, ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezininzi ngaxeshanye, kuyinxalenye yengqiqo yokusetyenziswa kweelwimi ngeelwimi – indlela yokubona ubomi apho ubani enomnqweno wokusebenzisana nabantu abathetha ezinye iilwimi ngokuthi amkele into eziswa kukwahluka komnye umntu kwiqonga lokubonisana.

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Nanjengoko sibhiyozela uMhla wokuBhiyozela iiLwimi zeeNkobe weHlabathi 2025, masikhumbule ukuba ulwimi lungaphezulu nje kwamagama; koko lumalunga nokuba umntu ngamnye ungubani na, lungemveli yomntu, lungoqhagamshelwano. Nokuba uthetha ulwimi olunye okanye ezininzi, inzame nganye yokugcina, ukufunda okanye ukukhuthaza ulwimi lweenkobe iba negalelo kwihlabathi elibandakanya wonke ubani nelineelwimi ngeelwimi. Iilwimi zilulutho yaye kufuneka sizikhusele.

– Ibhalwe nguTania Botha; yaguqulelwa nguNcebakazi Saliwa-Mogale noMawabo Sijila

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Ukujonga emva ngoSuku lweNkululeko: Ulwimi, ukuvakalisa izimvo kunye noxanduva

USpiderman watsho kanye ngqo apho kufele khona ithole xa wayesithi “ngamandla amakhulu kuza uxanduva olukhulu”. Kukwanjalo ke nangenkululeko, njengoko uEleanor Roosevelt watsho ngokufanelekileyo: Inkululeko iza noxanduva.

Ngelixa sisadla amazimba, sifunda kwaye siphumelela (kwaye, ke, ngamanye amaxesha, sicenga ubomi) kuMzantsi Afrika wentando yesininzi, onentlaninge yeelwimi, sikwanalo noxanduva lokuzamazamana nokuqonda umba wenkululeko kunye noxanduva oluza nenkululeko yokwenene, ingakumbi xa sicamngca ukuba luthethe ntoni na kuthi uSuku lweNkululeko, olubhiyozelwa ngomhla wama27 kuTshazimpuzi.

Inkululeko yokuvakalisa izimvo

NgokweArticle 19, engumbutho wamazwe ngamazwe ongulowo ugxile ekuqwalaselweni kwenkululeko yokuvakalisa izimvo, “inkululeko yokuvakalisa izimvo yenza ukuba kubekho iingxoxo, yakha ukuqonda, kwaye yandisa ulwazi lukawonkewonke”. Thina njengeZiko leeLwimi siyanqwala ngakoku: Ukukwazi ukwabelana ngezimvo kunye nolwazi ngokungabambi gazi kusenza sonke sibe nokuloleka engqondweni kwaye oku kunceda uluntu lwethu ukuba luphumelele.

Njengabemi boMzantsi Afrika kunamhlanje nje kwilizwe lethu sixhamla kwiinkululeko eziluthotho ezalwelwa nzima, ingakumbi inkululeko yokunxibelelana ngolwimi lwethu lweenkobe okanye ulwimi esilukhethayo. Ngaphezu koko, kukho indawo yamazwi amaninzi kunye nezimvo ezininzi – indawo apho zinokumanyelwa.

 

Ithetha ntoni inkululeko kuthi kwiZiko leeLwimi leYunivesithi yaseStellenbosch (SU)?

Kuthi njengeZiko, inkululeko asiyongcamango nje ekhiwe emoyeni; koko ngumgaqo osisikhokelo obumba intsebenziswano yethu nehlabathi elisingqongileyo kunye nendlela esijongana nayo nenkqubo yokufunda nokufundisa. Iqala ngenkululeko yokuthetha – ilungelo elisisiseko sokuvakalisa iingcinga, iimvakalelo kunye nezimvo zethu ngolwimi esilukhethayo. Kwiimodyuli, iindibano zocweyo kunye nezifundo ezimfutshane esizinikezelayo, sizama ukuvula iindawo apho abathathinxaxheba baziva bekhululekile kwaye bekhuselekile ukuvakalisa izimvo zabo ngokunyanisekileyo, ukubuza imibuzo, kunye nokuzibandakanya kwingxoxo enentsingiselo nabo babangqongileyo. Sikwazama kananjalo ukuyila iindawo ezinjalo kwikhampasi iphela ngeelwimi zethu neenkonzo zokutolika.

Ubuchule bokuyila

Inkululeko ikwabandakanya inkululeko yokuyila ngobuchule – ukuphonononga iinkalo ezintsha zolwimi, ulingo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvakalisa izimvo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba imigaqo yolwimi lwemveli ayityhalelwa ngaphandle. Siyabakhuthaza abo sisebenzisana nabo – abafundi, abathathinxaxheba singabalibalanga ke abaxhamlizinkonzo – ukukhulula iintelekelelo zabo nokusebenzisa amandla olwimi ukudlulisela iimbono namava abo awodwa, nokuba kungesiXhosa, isiAfrikansi, isiNgesi okanye uLwimi lweZandla loMzantsi Afrika.

Inkululeko ayikokungabikho kwamagingxigingxi angaphandle nje kuphela kodwa nobukho bokuvumela iimeko zokuyila ngobuchule ezisivumela ukuba siqonde kwaye sibonakalise amandla ethu apheleleyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka sidale iimekobume ezibandakanyayo apho izimvo neelwimi ezahlukeneyo zingaviwa nje kwaye zibonwe, kodwa zamkelwe. Ikhokelisa ukukhulisa nokukhuthaza inkcubeko yonyamezelwano nentlonipho, nokukhuthaza ufikelelo olungenamkhethe kumathuba kunye neziseko, hayi nje kancinci xa kuthethwa ngolwimi – ngokukodwa ingqondo engokubhekisele kwintlaninge yeelwimi. E-SU kwanakwiZiko leeLwimi, oku umzekelo kubonakalisa ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zokutolika ngexesha lezifundo kunye nethuba lokuva iilwimi ezininzi, iilwimi zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe, zisetyenziswa ngokukhululekileyo ekhampasini nakwiindawo esihlala kuzo.

 

Ulangazelelo lomntu olukhulu

Ingcamango ngenkululeko iqulethe kuyo ulangazelelo lwethu olusisiseko lokuzimela njengabantu, isidima kunye nokuzichaza ukuba ungubani na. Ngumgaqo oguquguqukayo nophuhlayo osembindini wamava ethu singabantu, inkqubelaphambili, ubulungisa kunye nokunqwenela ihlabathi elinobulungisa nelilinganayo. Ihlabathi apho zonke izimvo zinokumanyelwa, kwaye onke amabali anokubaliswa kwaye axatyiswe. Ngamafutshane – ilizwe elinentlaninge yeelwimi kunye neenkcubeko ezininzi.

Zibandakanye nathi kwiZiko leeLwimi njengoko sisamkela amandla enguqu olwimi nokufunda kwizimvo okwenene abo basingqongileyo, ekhampasini, kumagumbi ethu okufundela nasemakhayeni ethu – kwanangenkululeko.

Yiva inkululeko!

– ibhalwe nguEster van der Vyver, uguqulo lolwimi lwenziwe nguXolela Benayo

 

 

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Iilwimi zethu zeenkobe: Sifumana ntoni thina?

KwiZiko leeLwimi laseSU, siyabelana ngenkolelo yeUNESCO ekubalulekeni kokwahlukahlukana ngokweenkcubeko neelwimi ukulungiselela uluntu oluluqilima, kwaye siyakwamkela ukubhiyozelwa koSuku lweeLwimi zeeNkobe kwihlabathi jikelele ngomhla wama21 kweyoMdumba kunyaka ngamnye.

USuku lweeLwimi zeeNkobe alukho malunga nolwimi lwakho lweenkobe nolwimi lwam lweenkobe ngokuzimela kwazo nje kuphela, kodwa kananjalo lumalunga nazo neelwimi zeenkobe zabo bantu basingqongileyo. Ukuba siyakuqonda ukuba ulwimi lweenkobe lomntu osecaleni kwethu luxabiseke kuye ngohlobo oluxabiseke ngayo njengoko nathi sibazise ezethi, kwaye sikuhloniphe oko, sele sithathe amanyathelo amahle kakhulu.

Kutheni le nto iilwimi zeenkobe zibalulekile, ngaphandle kokuba sifaka iinqobo zangokwasemphefumlweni ku(kwii)lwimi esikhule ngalo/ngazo kwaye saqala ukuzivakalisa ngalo/ngazo? Zingasebenziseka njani ngokuphathekayo kuthi, nkqu nokuba amaxesha amaninzi sisebenzisa ulwimi lwesibini okanye lwesithathu ukuqinisekisa ukuba sinxibelelana ngendlela enceda abanye ekubeni baqonde oko sikuthethayo?

 

Iindawo zokuma uthi tsii gxada zasengqondweni

Iilwimi zeenkobe ziindawo zokuma uthi tsii gxada zasengqondweni. Sonke sisebenzisa ulwimi lwethu lweenkobe njengendlela yokukhulisa ulwazi. Xa ufumana ulwazi olutsha, ngokwesiqhelo uqala ngengcaciso oqheleneyo nayo uze emva koko uthabathe indlela esuka apho eya kwiintlambo zolwazi ongalwaziyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba uqala kwindawo apho uyaziyo ukuba ingcamango ethile iyintoni ngolwimi lwakho lweenkobe, unayo indawo onokusuka kuyo ukuze ufunde okunye, kwaye ungasebenzisa oko ukuqhelileyo njengendawo yokuma uthi tsii gxada uqonde ngayo iingcamango ezintsokothe ngakumbi, nkqu naxa uzifumana ngolwimi olwahlukileyo kolo lwakho lweenkobe.

Ngoko ke, abafundi bangakwazi, kwaye kungafuneka, ukuba basebenzise iilwimi zabo zeenkobe eyunivesithi, nkqu nokuba ulwimi lwabo alululo olunye lweelwimi zokufunda nokufundisa ezingokusesikweni kwelo ziko. Ukuba sicinga ngeSU, le Yunivesithi izibophelele ekusebenziseni isiNgesi, isiAfrikansi nesiXhosa – iilwimi ezisetyenziswa ngokusesikweni eNtshona Kapa. IsiAfrikansi nesiNgesi ziilwimi zokuqala zokufunda, ukufundisa novavanyo. IsiXhosa naso sinokusetyenziswa ekufundeni nasekufundiseni, apho kukho indlela kwaye abahlohli bakufumana kufanelekile ukusisebenzisa, kwaye kukho imfuneko ngokweendlela zokufunda nokufundisa. Le Yunivesithi izibophelele ekuphuhliseni isiXhosa njengolwimi lwezemfundo, nasekunonopheleni isiAfrikansi njengolwimi lokufundisa, ukufunda, uvavanyo nophando. ISU ikwayenye yeeyunivesithi zaseMzantsi Afrika ezimbalwa ezinenjongo yokuphuhlisa uLwimi lokuThetha ngeZandla lwaseMzantsi Afrika. Konke oku kuyinxalenye yogunyaziso lwesizwe lokuba amaziko emfundo ephakamileyo amkele ulwimi lwaseAfrika olunye ubuncinane, apho sigxilisa imithombo yethu yoncedo kolo lwimi, ngelixa ngaxeshanye sinonophela oko sele sikuphuhlisile. Oku kuyindlela ebalulekileyo yokuba sizise ukuphila kuMgaqosiseko woMzantsi Afrika. Ngokuhlonipha iilwimi kwinqanaba lemfundo ephakamileyo, siphakamisa isimo sazo.

Abafundi nabasebenzi baseSU ngokwenene baliqela elahlukahlukene kakhulu kunabantu nje abathetha isiNgesi, isiAfrikansi nesiXhosa kuphela, kodwa ukusebenza ngezona lwimi zeenkobe zixhaphakileyo eNtshona Kapa yindawo esinokuqala kuyo. Kwaye ezinye iiyunivesithi zoMzantsi Afrika ziye zazibophelela ekuphuhliseni ulwimi lube lunye ubuncinane kwiilwimi zoMzantsi Afrika ezisesikweni kwimimandla yazo. Ngale ndlela, abantu abathetha isiZulu bangathi, umzekelo, nabo baxhamle kwimithombo yoncedo engesiXhosa, nanjengoko ezo lwimi zinxulumene ngokusondeleneyo, kwaye oko kuyasebenza nakwezinye iilwimi ezinxulumene ngokusondeleneyo. Kodwa thina njengabantu abathetha iilwimi zeenkobe kufuneka sikhethe ukusebenzisa iilwimi zethu ngokwethu xa ithuba livela.

Ukuphakamisa isimo

Ukuba sifuna ukunonophela, ukwandisa nokuphakamisa isimo seelwimi zethu, kukho iindlela ezimbini ezivakala ngokuhlangeneyo zokwenza oko. Enye indlela kukubhala ngolo lwimi – ngokudalwa koncwadi – ukubonisa ukuba ulwimi lwakho lunako ukuvakalisa iingcinga ezicaphulekayo nemibono engobuchule nentsokothileyo, nokuba lunesakhono sokuguquguquka ngokwaneleyo sokwenza njalo. Indlela yesibini ingokudala isigama sokuchaza iinkalo ezintsha nezingobugcisa.

Kungenzeka ukuba phantse naluphi na ulwimi ngaphandle kwesiNgesi (nanjengoko kubonakala ngathi isigama senziwa ngesiNgesi ngokwendalo kakhulu njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokusungulwa ngokutsha nophuhliso olutsha) ludinga ukuba luphakamise isimo salo ngokuqhubekekayo ukuze lube nokumelana nemekobume yamaxesha angoku. Naluphi na olunye ulwimi, nokuba sisiFrentshi, sisiJamani, sisiTshayina, sisiAfrikansi okanye sisiXhosa, lunomngeni wokuzama ukumelana nesantya, kwaye nkqu nesiNgesi ngokwaso asisoloko sihamba phambili! Kananjalo, isiNgesi singaba naso isigama, kodwa intsingiselo zaloo magama azisoloko zicacile. Isigama sesiXhosa, sesiAfrikansi okanye nkqu nesesiFrentshi amaxesha amaninzi sihlala sichaza nangakumbi kwaye ke ngoko sicacile kubantu abathetha ezo lwimi. Cinga ngegama elithi “koppelaar” ngesiAfrikansi, okanye igama lesiZulu elithetha ukuthi “umthetho osayilwayo”, elithi “umthethosivivinywa”, ngokuthe ngqo lithetha ukuthi “umthetho osayilwayo”. Mininzi eminye imizekelo. Kodwa ingaba sikhetha ukuwamkela nokuwasebenzisa loo magama mahle kangaka, okanye sibhenela kwisiNgesi ngokuzenzekelayo?

Inzuzo enkulu yokuphakamisa isimo solwimi nokusebenzisa iilwimi ezahlukahlukeneyo kukuba senza ukuba iimekobume esiphila phakathi kwazo zibe zeziqukayo nangakumbi. Ukubona nokufumana iilwimi zabo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kuyabakhumbuza abantu ukuba bayinxalenye yento enkulu ngaphezu kokuba ziziqu zabo nje kuphela.

Ukungohluki kangako kweemeko

Nanjengoko sibhiyozela uSuku lweeLwimi zeeNkobe kulo nyaka, mhlawumbi kufuneka siqale ukucinga ngale mibuzo ilandelayo: Ingaba lukwenzela ntoni ulwimi lwakho lweenkobe, kwaye ingaba wena ulwenzela ntoni ulwimi lwakho lweenkobe? Xa usebenzisa ulwimi lwakho lweenkobe ekufundeni, kubomi bemihla ngemihla nakwimiba esemthethweni, awuphelelanga nje ekuzincedeni kuphela kodwa kananjalo uxhasa kwaye ulondoloza ilifa lemveli lolwimi lwakho. Ukusebenzisa kwakho olo lwimi kulugcina luphila kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba luyaqhubekeka ukulungiselela amaxesha ezayo.

Kwaye ke ngoko, xa sithatha elinye inyathelo ukuya phambili, elikukuqala ukufunda iilwimi zeenkobe zabanye, sixhasa kwaye sisomeleza ezo lwimi nangakumbi, ngelixa sifumana iindlela ezintsha zokuqondana nokuxabisana.

– ibhalwe nguSusan Lotz, nguKim Wallmach, uSanet de Jager noJackie van Wyk, uguqulo lolwimi lwenziwe nguSipumeze Mrwetyana

 

 

 

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USuku loLwimi lweeNkobe luka-2022: Masijonge ngaphaya kolwimi olulolwethu

 

International Mother Language Day poster

Sibhiyozela uSuku loLwimi lweeNkobe lwaMazwe ngaMazwe ngomhla wama-21 kweyoMdumba kunyaka ngamnye. Kufanelekile ukuba sithathe ixesha ngolo suku ukuba sibhiyozele olo lwimi lokuqala; olo lwathi lwavumela omnye nomnye kuthi ukuba aqalise ukwabelana ngeendlela alibona ngazo ihlabathi. Abantu abaninzi baqhele kakhulu ukwenza ushishino ngolwimi lwabo lwenkobe yonke imihla kangangokuba abayithatheli ngqalelo loo nto. Abanye ke abanayo loo nyhweba.

Indlela eyenye yokubhiyozela ulwimi lwethu lweenkobe kukuba senze imigudu yokuba sifunde size sisebenzise iilwimi zeenkobe zabantu abasingqongileyo. Ukususela kulo nyaka, sinenyhweba yokuba sifumane (size senze) lonke unxibelelwano olumiselekileyo oluya kwi-SU iphela ngeelwimi ezisesikweni zephondo lethu ezintathu: isiNgesi, isi-Afrikansi nesiXhosa.

Oku kuthetha ukuba kuza kwenziwa uguqulelo kulwimi lwesiXhosa oluninzi ngendlela engazange yenzeka ngaphambili kule Yunivesithi. Kwaye nkqu nokuba lunxibelelwano olungamiselekanga, uninzi lwethu lungathanda ukusebenza ngoquko size samkele isakhono sokusebenzisa iilwimi eziliqela nanini na xa kukwazeka kwiindawo zale Yunivesithi.

Inyaniso yeyokuba, noko kunjalo, bambalwa kakhulu abasebenzi base-SU abanako ukuvelisa imathiriyeli ngesiNgesi, ngesi-Afrikansi nangesiXhosa bebodwa. Sonke siyayidinga inkxaso yezeelwimi. Kwaye inkxaso ikhona, ngeendlela neendidi ezininzi. Imithombo anokuyisebenzisa umntu ixhomekeka, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ekubeni imathiriyeli leyo iza kusetyenziswa entwenini. Ngokuye beba baninzi abantu ebhekiswa kubo imathiriyeli leyo nangokuye iba ngokusisigxina imathiriyeli leyo, kungokuye kufuneka ukuba umntu alumke ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho woguqulo-lwimi olo. Oku kukwasebenza nakwingcaciso enokube iyabophelela ngokomthetho okanye enokube ingaguqula ubomi – okanye enokuba nobungozi kubomi bomntu ukuba iviwe ngendlela engeyiyo.

UGoogle Translate angabe uluncedo ngokukodwa ekufumaneni intsingiselo yegama, yebinzana okanye yentwana yombhalo ngokungephi. Kodwa kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba, nokuba kumangalisa kangakanani na ukuba umatshini unako ‘ukuguqula ulwimi’, unazo izithintelo zawo. Kwaye ukuba thina, njengabasebenzisi bale tekhnoloji, asiziqondi ezo zithintelo size sithathele ingqalelo imingcipheko enxulumene nezo zithintelo, ingaba sithi abakhangeleka okwezidenge ekugqibeleni. Uguqulo-lwimi lomatshini alunako ukuguqula ulwimi ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko. Kwaye ke amaxesha amaninzi imeko leyo kuguqulwa ulwimi kuyo iyinto yonke.

Umzekelo wakutsha nje, obalaseleyo ngumcimbi wokufakwa kophawu olungesiXhosa ekhampasini ekwakufuneka ukuba luxele iindawo zokuchamela kwisakhiwo esisekhampasini. Kwaye kwajongwa kuGoogle Translate, saza isiphumo soko, nesaye sahamba sada saya kufika kwisigaba soyilo apho kuprintwa khona, sabe besinokusishiya sonke sihlazekile ukuba olo guqulo-lwimi lophawu lwalwenziwe ngumatshini lwaluye lwaxhonywa ukuze wonke umntu alubone lungeelwimi zethu ezahluka-hlukeneyo zenkobe. Ngethamsanqa yaye yathinteleka kwa ngexesha intlekele, kwaye kwathethwa nomsebenzi-ngeelwimi kwaye xa kunamhlanje umntu unako ukuzifumana ezo ndawo zokuchamela ekhampasini ngesiXhosa esamkelekayo nesicacayo ukongeza kwisiNgesi nesi-Afrikansi.

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Indlela engcono yokufumana iinguqulelo-lwimi kukuzibandakanya nomsebenzi-ngeelwimi oqeqeshiweyo kwa kuqala. Le Yunivesithi ineNkonzo yeeLwimi ephelelyo kwiZiko layo leeLwimi, elindele ukuguqula ulwimi, ukuhlela okanye ukucebisa kwimiba ephathelene nolwimi.”

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E-SU, sonke sinako ukuba yinxalenye yethuba esinalo lokuphuhlisa isiXhosa nangakumbi, nokuba lulwimi lwethu lweenkobe kanti nokuba asilulo. Asiyi kuba nako ukwenza oku sisodwa, umntu ngamnye ezimele geqe. Kodwa ukuba siyasebenzisana ukuze siphuhlise indlela yokucinga engesakhono sokusebenzisa iilwimi eziliqela e-SU size sabelane ngoko sikufundileyo njengoko siqhubela phambili, kukhulu esinokukufezekisa.

Zama ukuhlonipha ulwimi lweenkobe lomnye umntu kulo nyaka. Kuloo nkqubo, maninzi kakhulu amathuba okuba ungaba nothando olunzulu ngakumbi ngokujoliswe kolwakho …

– nguSusan Lotz, ekhuthazwa liqela lomsebenzi wesiXhosa kwiZiko leeLwimi (uguqulo lolwimi lwenziwe ngu Siphumeze Mrwetyana noZama Bekweni)

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