Tag: Freedom Day

Masithetheni inkululeko yeelwimi ekubhiyozeleni uSuku lweNkululeko

Ngowama27 kwekaTshazimpuzi, uMzantsi Afrika ukhumbula uSuku lweNkululeko, kuphawulwa isikhumbuzo solonyulo lokuqala lwenkqubo yolawulo lwesininzi luka1994 kwanokwaziswa komgaqosiseko omtsha (wethutyana), owaqinisekisa amalungelo alinganayo kunye neenkululeko zoluntu.

Kwisithuba seminyaka engamashumi amathathu nanye, uninzi lwabemi boMzantsi Afrika luselula kakhulu ukuba lungalukhumbula usuku lokuqala lwenkululeko, ngelixa benokuba sele balahlekelwa yinkumbulo abanye, okanye kwangenelela uhlobo oluthile lokungakhathali. Futhi ke iinkxalabo ezivelayo kuyile mihla nje ngelizwe lethu kunye nangehlabathi zingabashiya bonwabile abanye. Ezo ke zezona zizathu zimele ukusikhokelela ekuphulaphuleni isiyalo sikaMadiba esithi: “Inkululeko ayinakho ukungahoyakali. Isizukulwana ngasinye kufuneka siyifumbathe ze siyandise.”

Inkululeko ayinakho ukungahoyakali. Isizukulwana ngasinye kufuneka siyifumbathe ze siyandise.

USuku lweNkululeko lusimemela ekuhlonipheni ukuzinikela okwenziwe kwidabi lokulwisana nenkqubo yocalucalulo kwanokucingisisa ngeenkululeko ezizuzeke ngenxa yoko kuzinikela. Futhi ke minyaka le oko kusikhumbuza ukuba inkululeko iza noxanduva lokusebenzisa amandla ethu singabanye kwananjengeembumba ukuze senze kangangoko ngenkululeko yethu ze sivuselele nenkululeko yabanye.

Inkululeko ayiyoyopolitiko nje kuphela; ikwayeyenkcubeko; ikwayeyolwimi kwanokuzivakalisa. Amalungelo okuvota, awokuphila ngaphandle koloyiko lokutshutshiswa, kwanawokuthatha inxaxheba kubomi njengommi, angundoqo. Kodwa ke la malungelo akagqibelelanga ngaphandle kwelungelo lokuzivakalisa kwakunye nenkululeko yolwimi  igunya lokuthetha, elokucinga, elokudala kwanelokunxibelelana ngolwimi olukhethayo. Ukuba ilizwi lakho alivakali, awunakho ukuthatha inxaxheba. Ukuba unokungaqondi, awunakho ukuxhamla kumalungelelo. Ngamafutshane, ukuba ulwimi lwakho lukhutshelwe ngaphandle, kukwanjalo nakuwe.

UMgaqosiseko woMzantsi Afrika uyanconywa ubukhulu becala njengomnye weyona inenkqubelaphambili kakhulu ehlabathini. UMqulu waMalungelo uqinisekisa inkululeko yokuzivakalisa kwakunye nenkululeko yolwimi, unakana ishumi elinesibini leelwimi ze uxabise ngokuphandle iyantlukwano ngokweenkcubeko nangokweelwimi.

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Inkululeko ayiyoyopolitiko nje kuphela; ikwayeyenkcubeko; ikwayeyolwimi kwanokuzivakalisa. […] Ngamafutshane, ukuba ulwimi lwakho lukhutshelwe ngaphandle, kukwanjalo nakuwe.

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Kodwa ke kuninzi lwabemi boMzantsi Afrika, ingakumbi kwabo baneelwimi zeenkobe ezingesosiNgesi okanye iAfrikansi, ilungelo lokuzivakalisa ngokugqibeleleyo lihlala linkonywe lithemba kunokuba libe leliphilayo. IsiNgesi sinkqenkqeza phambili kwinkalo yemfundo ephakamileyo, eburhulumenteni, kumajelo eendaba nakwezobuchwepheshe, sibe ke ngoko siba lisango elikhokelela kumathuba kwakunye nophawu lomgangatho: abo basicwabayo isiNgesi bayakwazi ukuxhamla kwingqesho, ubulungisa kwanakumaqonga ezobuchwepheshe; abo bangakhange basale ngemva. Kule nkqubo, iilwimi zaseAfrika azinikwa xabiso yaye zisoloko zithatyathwa njengeempawu zelifa lemveli kunokuba zibe ziziinkqubo eziphilayo zengqiqo, kube ke ngoko kuphasalalaka ukuzigwagwisa ngenkcubeko ze kuthintele ukusasazeka kolwazi kwizizukulwana.

Makhe simeni apha ze siqwalaselisise okomzuzwana ukuba oku kuthetha ukuthini na ngokwamava obomi bemihla ngemihla kwizigidi zabemi boMzantsi Afrika: kumntu othetha isiVenda ongenakho ukuxhamla kwiinkonzo zeengcebiso zomthetho ngolwimi lwakokwabo; isigulana esingumXhosa esimhokamhokana nokucacisa ngeempawu kugqirha othetha isiNgesi; umntwana othetha isiPedi ekufuneka efunde ukufunda ngesiNgesi ngaphambi kokuba acwabe olwakokwabo ulwimi. Ingaba ithetha ntoni inkululeko kubo?

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Ukuqaqambisa ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezahlukeneyo

KuMzantsi Afrika osebenzisa iilwimi ezahlukeneyo ngokwenene, akukho lulwimi beluya kukhutshelwa ngaphandle, futhi ke kungekho namntu ubeya kukhutshelwa ngaphandle. Ukuba bekungekho kusilela ngokwezibonelelo kwanangokweziseko zophuhliso kwaye kungekho namsantsa phakathi kwemigaqonkqubo nezenzo, bekuya kubakho iinkonzo zikarhulumente ngazo zonke iilwimi ezisesikweni ze kufikelelwe ngokupheleleyo nakumaqonga ezobuchwepheshe kwanakumanye. Bekuya kutyalwa kwiinkonzo zokuguqulela nezokutolika kwanakwizixhobo zobuchwepheshe zeelwimi kwiilwimi zomthonyama; yaye ibiya kubakho inkxaso ekudalweni komongo ngeelwimi ezingasetyenziswa ngokugqibeleleyo, ingakumbi kumaqonga ezobuchwepheshe. Bekuya kufuneka kuphendulwe ngokwasemthethweni xa ethe atyeshelwa amalungelo eelwimi aqinisekiswe kumgaqosiseko. Futhi ke, bekuya kubakho imfundo ngolwimi lweenkobe ndawonye neenkqubo zengqiqo ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo kuwo onke amanqanaba esikolo.

Asikafiki apho – kodwa ke, inkululeko ayisosiphelo; ikukusoloko usenza amatiletile, ikukuba nguwe. Ukulwelwa kwamalungelo eelwimi kuya kusiba nefuthe yaye kuninzi ekufuneka kubhiyozelwe kwanesinokwakhela kuko.

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Asikafiki apho – kodwa ke, inkululeko ayisosiphelo; ikukusoloko usenza amatiletile, ikukuba nguwe. Ukulwelwa kwamalungelo eelwimi kuya kusiba nefuthe yaye kuninzi ekufuneka kubhiyozelwe kwanesinokwakhela kuko.

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Iphulo lokufunda likaNal’ibali lisasaza amabali abantwana ngazo zonke iilwimi zoMzantsi Afrika ngenjongo yokukhuthaza ukufunda kwanokubaliswa kwamabali kuselithuba ekhaya, yaye amaphulo afana nePRAESA aphakamisa isakhono sokufunda nesokubhala kwangethuba kwiilwimi zaseAfrika, ukusebenzela ukumisela iinguqu kwinkqubo yemfundo ukususela kumanqanaba asezantsi ukuya kwaphezulu. Kwangaxeshanye, ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezahlukeneyo ngexesha elinye kunikezela ngenkqubo enokuzisa iinguqu ezintle ekufundeni nasekufundiseni ngendlela etyhutyhatyhutyha kwiyantlukwano ngokweelwimi ngendlela eyongezayo kwanangesekelwe kumakulinganwe kwigumbi lokufundela ngendlela exhobisa abafundi abalwimi zahlukeneyo nexabisa ulwazi abaza nalo.

Kwinqanaba lemfundo ephakamileyo, iSebe leMfundo ePhakamileyo noQeqesho (iDHET) yaqoshelisa isikhokelo sokumiselwa kwemigaqonkqubo yeelwimi (sika2020) esijoliswe ekuphakamiseni ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezahlukeneyo kwanokuphuhliswa kweelwimi zomthonyama kwiiyunivesithi zikawonkewonke zaseMzantsi Afrika ezingama26; ze ngo2023 isebe labekela bucala malunga namaR70 ezigidi kwisithuba seminyaka emithathu ngenjongo yokuncedisa iiyunivesithi ukuba zifikelele kule minqweno. Ukuphakanyiswa kwengqiqo yeelwimi ezahlukeneyo eSU kulilinge eliqhubayo, yaye kuyinto oluthi lonke uluntu lwale Yunivesithi, kwinqanaba lezifundo kwaneloluntu, lwabelane ngoxanduva lwayo. ISU isebenzise iimali ezifumeneyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ukuvuselela amatiletile ayo okwenyusa izinga lobumbano loluntu kwanokubandakanywa ngolwimi kweli ziko. Ukudalwa kwemeko eyamkelayo ekhampasini kwanokuphakanyiswa kwengqiqo yokusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezahlukeneyo phakathi koluntu lwale khampasi ngokubanzi ngamanqaku abanzi, yaye imizekelo yamatiletile abonakalayo luLuntu oLwakhayo kwinkqubo yocweyo lweeLwimi eZahlukeneyo enikezelwa kubafundi nabasebenzi baseSU, kwanangokwezifundo zesiXhosa nezoLwimi lweeMpawu loMzantsi Afrika (iSASL) ezinikezelwa kubafundi nakubasebenzi, simahla. Elinye ilinge elichulumancisayo eSU liphulo lophuhliso lwesigama sesiXhosa.

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Ukuphakanyiswa kwengqiqo yeelwimi ezahlukeneyo eSU kulilinge eliqhubayo, yaye kuyinto oluthi lonke uluntu lwale Yunivesithi, kwinqanaba lezifundo kwaneloluntu, lwabelane ngoxanduva lwayo.

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Kwiqonga lezobuchwepheshe, abapapashi nabadidiyeli bayafikelela kuluntu, kubaliswa amabali ngelixa kumiselwa isingqi senkcubeko kwimicimbi yemibongo esindlekwa kumaqonga ezobuchwepheshe, iipodkhasti, okanye iividiyo zikaTik Tok, phakathi kwezinye, ngesiXhosa, ngesiTswana, ngesiTsonga; ngelixa ilinge leMasakhane lihlanganisa iingcaphephe zaseAfrika zeIT ngenjongo yokwakha izixhobo zokusetyenziswa kweelwimi zendalo kusenzelwa iilwimi zaseAfrika, kuqinisekiswa ukuba zimelwe kwiAI, kwizixhobo zelizwi kwanakwiinguqulelo ezenziwa yimitshini.

Inkululeko ligama lokwenza

Inkululeko yolwimi ayizifezekisi ngokwayo  iyinto apha esimele ukuba yiyo, sisebenze kuyo ze siyikhusele ngenjongo yokuyinika intsingiselo. Xa sikhetha ukuthetha ngeelwimi zethu, singqina ixabiso lazo. Xa sinyanzelisa ukubandakanywa  kwigumbi lokufundela, kwezobuchwepheshe, kwezononophelo lwempilo okanye kwezosasazo  sihlonipha ilungelo likawonkewonke lokuviwa. Futhi ke xa sifundisa, sidala, ze siphulaphule ngaphaya kwemida yeelwimi, sakha uluntu olukhululekileyo nolusekelwe kumakulinganwe.

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Xa sikhetha ukuthetha ngeelwimi zethu, singqina ixabiso lazo.

– nguTania Botha, ze yaguqulelwa nguFundile Majola noNcebakazi Saliwa-Mogale

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24 April 2025Tags: amalungelo eelwimi, Freedom Day, iilwimi zoMzantsi Afrika, inkululeko, inkululeko yolwimi, multilingual mindset

Ukujonga emva ngoSuku lweNkululeko: Ulwimi, ukuvakalisa izimvo kunye noxanduva

USpiderman watsho kanye ngqo apho kufele khona ithole xa wayesithi “ngamandla amakhulu kuza uxanduva olukhulu”. Kukwanjalo ke nangenkululeko, njengoko uEleanor Roosevelt watsho ngokufanelekileyo: Inkululeko iza noxanduva.

Ngelixa sisadla amazimba, sifunda kwaye siphumelela (kwaye, ke, ngamanye amaxesha, sicenga ubomi) kuMzantsi Afrika wentando yesininzi, onentlaninge yeelwimi, sikwanalo noxanduva lokuzamazamana nokuqonda umba wenkululeko kunye noxanduva oluza nenkululeko yokwenene, ingakumbi xa sicamngca ukuba luthethe ntoni na kuthi uSuku lweNkululeko, olubhiyozelwa ngomhla wama27 kuTshazimpuzi.

Inkululeko yokuvakalisa izimvo

NgokweArticle 19, engumbutho wamazwe ngamazwe ongulowo ugxile ekuqwalaselweni kwenkululeko yokuvakalisa izimvo, “inkululeko yokuvakalisa izimvo yenza ukuba kubekho iingxoxo, yakha ukuqonda, kwaye yandisa ulwazi lukawonkewonke”. Thina njengeZiko leeLwimi siyanqwala ngakoku: Ukukwazi ukwabelana ngezimvo kunye nolwazi ngokungabambi gazi kusenza sonke sibe nokuloleka engqondweni kwaye oku kunceda uluntu lwethu ukuba luphumelele.

Njengabemi boMzantsi Afrika kunamhlanje nje kwilizwe lethu sixhamla kwiinkululeko eziluthotho ezalwelwa nzima, ingakumbi inkululeko yokunxibelelana ngolwimi lwethu lweenkobe okanye ulwimi esilukhethayo. Ngaphezu koko, kukho indawo yamazwi amaninzi kunye nezimvo ezininzi – indawo apho zinokumanyelwa.

Ithetha ntoni inkululeko kuthi kwiZiko leeLwimi leYunivesithi yaseStellenbosch (SU)?

Kuthi njengeZiko, inkululeko asiyongcamango nje ekhiwe emoyeni; koko ngumgaqo osisikhokelo obumba intsebenziswano yethu nehlabathi elisingqongileyo kunye nendlela esijongana nayo nenkqubo yokufunda nokufundisa. Iqala ngenkululeko yokuthetha – ilungelo elisisiseko sokuvakalisa iingcinga, iimvakalelo kunye nezimvo zethu ngolwimi esilukhethayo. Kwiimodyuli, iindibano zocweyo kunye nezifundo ezimfutshane esizinikezelayo, sizama ukuvula iindawo apho abathathinxaxheba baziva bekhululekile kwaye bekhuselekile ukuvakalisa izimvo zabo ngokunyanisekileyo, ukubuza imibuzo, kunye nokuzibandakanya kwingxoxo enentsingiselo nabo babangqongileyo. Sikwazama kananjalo ukuyila iindawo ezinjalo kwikhampasi iphela ngeelwimi zethu neenkonzo zokutolika.

Ubuchule bokuyila

Inkululeko ikwabandakanya inkululeko yokuyila ngobuchule – ukuphonononga iinkalo ezintsha zolwimi, ulingo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvakalisa izimvo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba imigaqo yolwimi lwemveli ayityhalelwa ngaphandle. Siyabakhuthaza abo sisebenzisana nabo – abafundi, abathathinxaxheba singabalibalanga ke abaxhamlizinkonzo – ukukhulula iintelekelelo zabo nokusebenzisa amandla olwimi ukudlulisela iimbono namava abo awodwa, nokuba kungesiXhosa, isiAfrikansi, isiNgesi okanye uLwimi lweZandla loMzantsi Afrika.

Inkululeko ayikokungabikho kwamagingxigingxi angaphandle nje kuphela kodwa nobukho bokuvumela iimeko zokuyila ngobuchule ezisivumela ukuba siqonde kwaye sibonakalise amandla ethu apheleleyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka sidale iimekobume ezibandakanyayo apho izimvo neelwimi ezahlukeneyo zingaviwa nje kwaye zibonwe, kodwa zamkelwe. Ikhokelisa ukukhulisa nokukhuthaza inkcubeko yonyamezelwano nentlonipho, nokukhuthaza ufikelelo olungenamkhethe kumathuba kunye neziseko, hayi nje kancinci xa kuthethwa ngolwimi – ngokukodwa ingqondo engokubhekisele kwintlaninge yeelwimi. E-SU kwanakwiZiko leeLwimi, oku umzekelo kubonakalisa ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zokutolika ngexesha lezifundo kunye nethuba lokuva iilwimi ezininzi, iilwimi zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe, zisetyenziswa ngokukhululekileyo ekhampasini nakwiindawo esihlala kuzo.

Ulangazelelo lomntu olukhulu

Ingcamango ngenkululeko iqulethe kuyo ulangazelelo lwethu olusisiseko lokuzimela njengabantu, isidima kunye nokuzichaza ukuba ungubani na. Ngumgaqo oguquguqukayo nophuhlayo osembindini wamava ethu singabantu, inkqubelaphambili, ubulungisa kunye nokunqwenela ihlabathi elinobulungisa nelilinganayo. Ihlabathi apho zonke izimvo zinokumanyelwa, kwaye onke amabali anokubaliswa kwaye axatyiswe. Ngamafutshane – ilizwe elinentlaninge yeelwimi kunye neenkcubeko ezininzi.

Zibandakanye nathi kwiZiko leeLwimi njengoko sisamkela amandla enguqu olwimi nokufunda kwizimvo okwenene abo basingqongileyo, ekhampasini, kumagumbi ethu okufundela nasemakhayeni ethu – kwanangenkululeko.

Yiva inkululeko!

– ibhalwe nguEster van der Vyver, uguqulo lolwimi lwenziwe nguXolela Benayo

23 April 2024Tags: democracy, Freedom Day, inkululeko, multilingual mindset, multilingualism

Zininzi gqitha iindidi zeenkululeko

“Andizange ndayazi kwa into yokuba loo nkululeko yobuqu ikhona, kuba zange ndayingcamla ngaphambili …”

ULiselotte Voets, ngumfundi waseBelgium ofunda kweli evela eKU Leuven (iYunivesithi yamaKatolika yaseLeuven) owatyelela iSU kunyaka ophelileyo njengenxalenye yokufundela kwakhe isidanga seemastazi kwifilosofi, wangena kwikhosi yesiAfrikaans yabafundi abathetha isiDatshi kwiZiko loLwimi ngoxa wayeseMzantsi Afrika.

Ngelokubhiyozela uSuku lweNkululeko nge27 Epreli, uye wabelana nathi ngeengcamango zakhe ngenkululeko, ngesiAfrikaans, kodwa ziguqulelwe esiXhoseni apha ngezantsi.

Utyelelo lwam lokuza kufunda kweli lizwe lweenyanga ezintlanu ezinesiqingatha lwaqala eStellenbosch ngoFebhruwari 2022. Yasuka yazenzekela into yokuba ndikhethe uMzantsi Afrika: iinkcubeko, abantu: ukuma kwayo, imbali, iintaba nemozulu zaba nomtsalane kum. Zonke ezi zinto zavela zandichukumisa kakhulu. Esinye isiphumo endandingasilindelanga ngolu tyelelo lwam, yindlela entsha endisele ndiyijonga ngayo ingcamango yenkululeko. Ukuba bekunokufuneka ndichaze ngokusuk’ entliziyweni amava am ngoMzantsi Afrika, bendiya kuqala ndithethe ngobume bomhlaba. Ngokolwam uluvo, ukuphangalala kweli lizwe kumela ngendlela efuzisela kakhulu oko kuthethwa yinkululeko eMzantsi Afrika. Ziseninzi kakhulu iindawo ezingenabantu ezinokugcwaliswa. Amathuba abonakala engapheli. Xa uyithelekisa neBelgium, endisuka kuyo, uya kufumanisa ukuba iBelgium ayisenandawo yokwakha. Kunzima kakhulu ukufumana umhlaba wokwakha, apho unokuma ujonge elundini phaya; indawo engenazindonga, engenazindlu, izitrato, iidolophu nezixeko.

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Iba ngathi ugadiwe – rhoqo yonke indawo – akunakuya ndawo khe ubukele indalo.”

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Njengokuba ndibuyele eBelgium, kunzima nangakumbi ukuhlala apha, kwaye ndiwukhumbula nyhani uMzantsi Afrika. Kambe ke, eBelgium (siziva) sikhuseleke yaye sinqabiseke ngakumbi. Kufuneka siyihlawulele ngenkululeko yethu yobuqu. Noko ke, andizange ndayazi kwa into yokuba loo nkululeko yobuqu ikhona, kuba zange ndayingcamla ngaphambili. Mhlawumbi ikwa yinto yethu bantu baseYurophu ukucinga ukuba le nkululeko siyaziyo kuphela kohlobo lwenkululeko size singavumeli ezinye iindlela zokuyichaza. Kodwa oku kukungqubana njekwemibono. Bendimele ndiyazi into yokuba ‘inkululeko’ ayinakupheleliselwa nje kwingcamango enye. Ndilubonile olu hlobo lwenkululeko yobuqu kubantu baseMzantsi Afrika endidibene nabo: ababotshelelwanga (ubomi babo abulawulwa bungabekelwa miqathango ngokunjalo), kodwa bayaziphilela, ngemiphefumlo yabo; bayabamkela abanye abantu baze baqale usuku ngalunye bonwabile yaye bekhaliphile. Inkululeko yobuqu emangalisayo eMzantsi Afrika kubonakala ngathi inexabiso elikhulu, yaye yinto ngokuqinisekileyo engamele ijongelwe phantsi: abanye abantu bashiywe bodwa – ukuba bazizamele. Kufuneka bazibonele. Ngokwaloo mbono, mna bendibona ngathi abanye abantu boMzantsi Afrika babona ubume bomhlaba waseMzantsi Afrika njengelize kunokuba ubazisele ikamva eliqaqambileyo. Ndicinga ukuba, yaye nyhani ndinethemba lokuba, oku kusenokutshintsha.

Le yiblogi kaLiselotte Voets, iguqulelwe nguNgqibelelo Mabeka noZama Bekeweni

26 April 2023Tags: Freedom Day, indalo, inkululeko, isiAfrikansi, ithemba, life is language, mother tongue, multilingualism