Category: Multilingualism

Why do translators translate?

In celebration of International Translation Day on 30 September, we’ve approached a few of the translators with whom the Language Centre collaborates to share with us why they do the work they do – why do they translate?

Read on to see everything they say – we think they are absolute superheroes! 

[us_cta title=”Zama Bekweni says:” color=”light” btn_label=””](isiXhosa/English translator)[/us_cta]

Most useful information, perhaps worldwide, is made available in the English language. The rest of the people who do not understand that language are, in a sense, a forgotten people. Translators, therefore, translate to make information available to such forgotten people.  Every translated text moves the reader from a world of darkness to a world of light. How fulfilling! 

Olona lwazi lubaluleke kakhulu, phantse kulo lonke ihlabathi, lufumaneka ngolwimi lwesiNgesi. Bona bantu abangalaziyo olo lwimi phantse bafana nabaphoswe kwelokulibala. Abaguquli-lwimi ke ngoko baguqula ulwimi ngenjongo yokuba ulwazi lufunyanwe nangabo baphoswe kwelokulibala. Oko kubhaliweyo kwaza kwaguqulelwa kolunye ulwimi kususa lowo ukufundayo ebumnyameni kumse ekukhanyeni. Ayindonwabisi ngako loo nto!  

[us_cta title=”Hendrien Swanepoel says:” color=”light” btn_label=””](Afrikaans/English translator)[/us_cta]

“George Bernard Shaw once said: ‘The single biggest problem in communication is the illusion that it has taken place.’ This ‘illusion’ – merely assuming that a message has been accurately conveyed and correctly understood – has been the cause of many a conflict. Therefore, I translate to make communication real and concrete for as many people as possible, particularly against the backdrop of our multilingual country where misunderstandings easily creep in.”

“George Bernard Shaw het eenmaal gesê: ‘Die heel grootste probleem in kommunikasie is die illusie dat dit plaasgevind het.’ Daardie ‘illusie’ – die blote aanname dat ’n boodskap akkuraat oorgedra en reg verstaan is – was al die oorsaak van soveel onenigheid wêreldwyd. Ek vertaal dus om kommunikasie vir soveel moontlik mense werklik en konkreet te maak, veral teen die agtergrond van ons meertalige land waar misverstande bitter maklik ontstaan.”  

[us_cta title=”Laetitia Bedeker says:” color=”light” btn_label=””](Afrikaans/English translator)[/us_cta]

People often ask me, Don’t you get bored sitting in front of a computer all day translating? That’s laughable. Only this week, I translated mathematics, QR codes, an executive summary, aircraft instrumentation theory, medical practice and art history. How can that possibly be boring? It is my passion and I love every second of it. My only regret is that I cannot remember every single fact – I would have been the most intelligent person on earth! 

Mense vra dikwels, Raak jy nie verveeld om heeldag voor ʼn rekenaar te sit en vertaal nie? Dis belaglik. Die afgelope week het ek wiskunde, QR-kodes, ʼn bedryfsopsomming, vliegtuiginstrumentasieteorie, mediese praktyk en kunsgeskiedenis vertaal. Hoe kan dit vervelig wees? Dit is my passie en ek geniet elke sekonde daarvan. Al waaroor ek spyt is, is dat ek nie elke liewe feit kan onthou nie – ek sou die intelligentste mens op aarde gewees het!  

[us_cta title=”Ingrid Swanepoel says:” color=”light” btn_label=””](Afrikaans/English translator)[/us_cta]

I think I translate because I am convinced that the world would have been a very different place if there had never been communication problems between people – and language is human beings’ primary means of communication. I like good, clear communication that starts at Point A and progresses logically to the end, regardless of whether the end is at Point B or Point Z. It gives me great satisfaction to translate a well-written message from one language to another and to do so clearly and economically, avoiding wordiness and high-faluting, ambiguous terminology. I like translating a text in such a way that the target readers enjoy reading or hearing it. It’s an amazing feeling to know that I got a translation just right. 

“Ek dink ek vertaal omdat ek oortuig is dat die wêreld heeltemal ‘n ander soort plek sou gewees het as daar nooit wankommunikasie tussen mense was nie, en taal is mense se primêre kommunikasiemiddel. Ek hou van goeie, duidelike kommunikasie wat by punt A begin en in logiese stappe by die einde kom, of die einde nou by punt B of punt Z is. Dit gee my ‘n besondere gevoel van genoegdoening om die boodskap in ‘n goeie teks in een taal klinkklaar, ondubbelsinnig en sonder frilletjies en valletjies oor te dra in ‘n ander taal. Ek hou daarvan om ‘n teks só te vertaal dat die teikenlesers dit geniet om dit te lees of aan te hoor. Dis sommer net vir my vreeslik lekker om te weet ek stuur ‘n goeie vertaling die wêreld in.

[us_cta title=”Lee Beeslaar says:” color=”light” btn_label=””](Afrikaans/English translator)[/us_cta]

“I love words. Words direct our humanity. They have so much power – something that we are not always consciously aware of.” 

 

Ek hou van woorde. Woorde rig ons menswees. Hulle beskik oor soveel mag – iets waarvan ons nie altyd bewustelik kennis neem nie. 

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Book chat with Vernita B

Get to know us through the books we read! This month we chat to Vernita Beukes, a lecturer and coordinator of language acquisition courses at the Language Centre. She says: “I honestly have the best job in the world! As part of my job, I get the opportunity to teach international students from everywhere in the world Afrikaans. There’s a lot of truth in the saying that if one does something you are passionate about, you won’t need to work a single day in your life! I’m also involved in the reading project of the Vriende van Afrikaans. Here I get the opportunity to read children’s books to pre-school children! How lucky am I?”

Vernita loves her  husband, her dog, family and friends, and reading and travelling are at the top of the list of things she likes doing. “But I absolutely detest tomatoes,” she confesses.

What is the title of your favourite book, or a book that left a deep impression on you, or a book that you found unforgettable for some reason or another?
Reading has always been part of my life. My mother read to us every day. I also had wonderful teachers from Sub A (Grade one) onwards, who encouraged my love for books and reading. When I was a student teacher, Dr Anker read The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry to us. Over and above his beautiful voice, the truths in that book also made an indelible impression on me.

Why did this book make such an impression on you?
The section on page 72 (in my copy of the book) became my own philosophy of life. That is where the fox explains to the Little Prince that it is only with one’s heart that one can truly see. That which is really important cannot be seen with one’s eyes.

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I try hard to look at and listen to people with my heart.”

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Who is (are) your favourite author(s)? Also tell us why?
I have many favourite authors, because I feel that different authors appeal more to one in different stages of your life. Jojo Moyes has touched me to the point of ugly crying, and John Grisham, Clive Cussler and Sofia Segovia has made me disappear into their worlds.

What are you reading at the moment?
I’m reading two books: The Help by Kathryn Stockett, and The Murmur of Bees by Sofia Segovia.

Do you have a preference: reading physical books with paper pages or on a Kindle or other electronic platform? Why do you say so?
Nothing, but nothing at all, can beat the smell of a new book!

What book have you reread? Also tell us why?
The Little Prince, among others, because it is my favourite book and the truths it contains have a fresh impact on me every time I read it.

Who is your favourite literary character?
Claire Randall in the Outlander series. I think living in Scotland could work for me too!

What book or books would you recommend to your students, friends or anyone else?

  • The Giver of Stars by Jojo Moyes
  • Evening Class by Maeve Binchy
  • Sophie’s World by Jostein Gaarder
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Creative ways to give your invites a multilingual look and feel

The Language Centre’s mandate to the University is to promote multilingualism and provide language support. The Language Centre therefore strives to embody a multilingual mindset and to share this mindset with the rest of the University.

Invitations to events are great opportunities to include all three languages used at the University. There is no need to repeat everything in English, Afrikaans and isiXhosa, but you can selectively add or highlight information in, say, Afrikaans and isiXhosa if your invite’s back bone is in English. If your guiding principle is inclusion and not exclusion, you can’t go wrong.

Use these invites as inspiration, and let us know if you have more suggestions:

 

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Reading for all levels of English with Carmen 1

You’ve been transported to Carmen’s book corner!

Here you will find some great book recommendations for learners of all levels of English. I’m Carmen, and in my first blog post I talk about three books that I think everyone should read in their lifetime. You are sure to find a book suited to your level of English, from Elementary to Advanced.

Welcome and enjoy!

1. Green Eggs and Ham by Dr Seuss (Elementary to Pre-Intermediate)

This is a great book for learners who are just starting out with English. The writing is simple and easy to follow. The story is also wildly funny and can be enjoyed by young and old.

In Green Eggs and Ham, we meet Sam-I-Am who is on a mission to get his friend to eat ham and green eggs (yuck!). Sam-I-Am tries everything, but does he succeed? Well, you will have to read the book and find out.

2. Matilda by Roald Dahl (Upper Elementary to Intermediate)

This is a beautiful story with simple writing that will engage and challenge students who have some experience in English.

In this story, we meet Matilda, a sweet young girl who is very smart. She loves school, and she especially loves maths and reading. But poor Matilda has the worst family you could imagine! They are lazy and don’t like Matilda’s smart ideas. At school, even though she has a nice teacher, the principal is a scary woman who is out to get Matilda and tries to make her life awful! Matilda has a plan though …

3. The Adventures of Tintin by Hergé (Intermediate to Advanced)

These exciting comics are for more advanced students but can be enjoyed by everyone. Not only are the mysteries great, but the pictures alongside the words can also help students follow the story. If you love comic books or mysteries, you should step into the wonderful world of Tintin.

He is a fearless reporter who travels all over the world solving many mysteries. His three companions on these adventures are his dog Snowy, the weird and funny Captain Haddock, and the very smart Professor Calculus. Together they tackle some major mysteries all over the world.

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About Carmen

I am an English and linguistics teacher. I live in Stellenbosch with my cat and too many books!

When I grew up, my family and I were very fortunate because we had a lot of books in our home. My brothers and I would often visit the local library in the small town we grew up in and get lost in the wonderful world of books. My love of books grew as I did, and today books are a big part of my life.

I like to read books from all types of genres, but my favourites include mystery novels, historical fiction stories as well as non-fiction like biographies.

My all-time favourite quote is from the author Dr Seuss:

 

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Be who you are and say what you feel because those who mind don’t matter and those who matter don’t mind. Don’t cry because it’s over. Smile because it happened.”

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I am currently doing my master’s degree in Linguistics at the University of Stellenbosch. Reading has always been a big part of my life and it is now part of my job; I am a book reviewer for a South African newspaper called The South African.

I first started reviewing books on my book Instagram (@carmens_book_nook) in 2020. In this same year I began writing articles for The South African. Since then, I have written for various other publications. My work has been featured in the local student newspaper Die Matie, and I have also reviewed a book for SARIE magazine.

 

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Mother Language Day 2022: Let’s look beyond our own language

 

International Mother Language Day poster

We celebrate International Mother Language Day on 21 February each year. It is appropriate to take time on that day to celebrate that first language; the one that allowed each of us to start sharing how we experience the world. Many people are so used to doing business in their mother language every day that they don’t think anything of it. Others do not have that luxury.

An alternative way of celebrating our own mother language is to reach out and intentionally learn and use the mother languages of the people around us. From this year, we are privileged to receive (and create) all official communication to the entire SU in the three official languages of our province: English, Afrikaans and isiXhosa. This means many more isiXhosa translations taking place than ever before at the University. And even if it’s not official communication, many of us would like to be inclusive and embrace multilingualism wherever possible in University spaces.

The fact is, however, that very few SU staff members can produce material in English, Afrikaans and isiXhosa single-handedly. We all need some language support. And support there is, in many guises and forms. The resources one would harness depend, among other things, on what the material in question would be used for. The wider the intended audience and the more permanent the material, the more careful one should be about ensuring the quality of the translation. This also applies to information that may be legally binding or life changing – or life threatening if misunderstood.

Google Translate may be particularly handy to get the gist of a word, phrase or piece of writing in passing. But we must remember that, however wondrous it is that a machine can ‘translate’, it has its limitations. And if we, as the users of this technology, don’t understand its limitations and factor in the risks associated with those limitations, we might be the ones who look like fools in the end. Machine translation cannot derive context. And often context is everything.

A recent, classic example is a case of campus signage in isiXhosa that was meant to denote some urinals in a building on campus. Google Translate was consulted, and the output, which went as far as the layout phase at the printers, would have left us all somewhat embarrassed if the equivalent of that machine-translated signage were to be put up for all to see in our various mother languages. Fortunately disaster was averted just in time, a language practitioner was consulted and today one can find those facilities on campus in acceptable, clear isiXhosa in addition to English and Afrikaans.

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A better way of sourcing translations would be to engage a language professional from the start. The University has a whole Language Service at hand at the Language Centre, ready to translate, edit or advise on language matters.”

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To ensure the best outcome for translation into isiXhosa specifically, it would help to know the following when planning a translation:

  • IsiXhosa is an agglutinative language: It combines many more elements in one word than an uninitiated English or Afrikaans person would imagine possible – think of singathanda, which means ‘we would like’, for example. This quality could result in very long isiXhosa words, and possibly even one-word sentences.
  • IsiXhosa is also a language in which much paraphrasing takes place, like in French. Compounding is seldom used – ‘desk drawer’ would be paraphrased as ‘the drawer of a desk’ in French, for instance. Similarly one would rather say ‘centre of language’ (iziko leelwimi) than ‘language centre’ in isiXhosa. This quality brings great richness to the language if applied in an agile manner, and could require that one needs to explain some English terms so that the isiXhosa translator can paraphrase into isiXhosa.
  • Written isiXhosa requires at least 20% more space than its English and Afrikaans counterparts. Your translation will always be longer than your source material. The above two points might have given you some clues as to why that would be the case.
  • Loan words (borrowed words) are not always the best translation solutions. Often they disrupt the flow of the language – like anglisismes do in Afrikaans. Some isiXhosa translators are able to create excellent descriptive solutions that enrich the language and encapsulate the meaning perfectly, without compromising the readability of the material. Get a translator like that on your team!
  • New terminology is being developed for the new spheres in which we are starting to use isiXhosa at the University. Choose your translator well, one who is part of a network of translators – a community of practice – who consult each other and existing reputable sources about translation equivalents and terms.
  • Consultation takes time – an isiXhosa translation may take longer than an English or Afrikaans translation of the same source material. Therefore, start early!

At SU, we all can be part of this opportunity to develop isiXhosa further, mother language or not. We will not be able to do this on our own, each in their own silo. But if we work together to develop a multilingual mindset at SU and share what we’ve learnt as we make progress, there is wonderful potential.

Try to honour someone else’s mother language this year. In the process, you will most probably develop an even deeper appreciation of your own …

– by Susan Lotz, inspired by the Language Centre’s isiXhosa work group

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A look at Afrikaans language and culture, tailored for Dutch-speaking exchange students

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The Stellenbosch University (SU) Language Centre has been involved in the Global Education Programme of SU International for more than 20 years by offering a Beginner Afrikaans course for visiting students. In 2015 it was decided to expand the offering to a tailor-made course, namely an Afrikaans Language and Culture course specifically for Dutch mother-tongue speakers from the Netherlands and Belgium. As Afrikaans is a sister language of Dutch, the focus in this course can be on so much more than just linguistics and the acquisition of Afrikaans. And although Dutch students do want to be able to speak a beetje (a bit) Afrikaans, most of them wish to experience a bit of the culture of the language and the country as well.

The language component of the course focuses mainly on the differences between Afrikaans and Dutch with regard to pronunciation, spelling and certain linguistic structures. Students also learn about the loan words in Afrikaans that were borrowed from languages other than Dutch, such as ‘baie’, ‘gogga’, ‘babelaas’ and ‘mielie’, to name a few. Another aspect that invariably leads to laughter and often to confusion is the many false friends between Afrikaans and Dutch. Words like ‘amper’, ‘vaak’ and ‘vies’ are among them, and then, of course, the Dutch word for cat.

As far as culture is concerned, we follow an eclectic approach. We aim at giving students an overarching experience of complex and colourful Afrikaans culture. Aspects that we consider are identity, origin, history and the economic and political role of the Afrikaans-speaking section of the population. Students are exposed to different kinds of texts, such as Afrikaans short stories, poems and academic articles, as well as music and films, as a basis for illustrating their own experience and understanding of the language and culture. They are also given the opportunity to experience the language and culture outside the lecture hall with excursions to the Stellenbosch Village Museum, the Afrikaans Language Monument and wine-tasting in Afrikaans on one of the wine farms in the vicinity. One of the highlights of the course is the guest speakers who visit the students to chat about their experience of language, their origins and their identity. When the course was offered for the first time, the singer Koos Kombuis and the landscape artist Strydom van der Merwe made a surprise appearance. The well-known poet Diana Ferrus has also visited, and more recently the AfriKaaps rapper Jitsvinger, who was a huge hit with the students. Another regular and very popular visitor is the rapper Frazer Barry (he is also the lead vocalist of the group Tribal Echo), who loves sharing his passion for music and Afrikaans as well his own origin with the students.

The main purpose of this course is to broaden the students’ horizons in the short time they spend in Stellenbosch and South Africa so that they return to Europe as enriched people who have experienced much more than the usual knowledge about Afrikaans stereotypes that is based on braaivleis, milk tart and rugby. Student feedback such as the following confirms that we’re hitting the right spot: “I’ve enjoyed every Afrikaans lesson; what a great addition to my semester here in Stellenbosch. Thank you for the course and the facilitator’s unwavering commitment – it is greatly appreciated!”

– by Helga Sykstus, translated by Ingrid Swanepoel

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The ripple effect of language

Most of us don’t think much about language in the abstract as we go about our everyday lives. And yet, the language we use in our studies, in work contexts and in our personal relationships shapes perceptions of who we are, how we like to be in the world, and what matters most to us.

How we communicate influences and changes the world around us, creating ripples across the surface of our lives.

But we don’t all know how to do it well, and we forget that communication is not only about what we say, but about also how it is received, and by whom. We all have different ways of thinking and understanding, and different backgrounds and experiences.

So, improving communication isn’t just about increasing vocabulary or perfecting punctuation. It’s about understanding the beings we share the world with, building meaningful relationships, fostering community, and creating a life worth living.

Here are three deceptively simple ways that language can help change your life:

1. POPIA compliance? Say what you have to say simply and in plain language.

An effective message needs to be beautifully crafted and written in plain language. As the famous double bass player and jazz musician Charlie Mingus once said: “Making the simple complicated is commonplace; making the complicated simple, awesomely simple, that’s creativity.” The Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA) came into full effect on 1 July 2021 in South Africa, and resulted in a flood of incomprehensible legalese around POPIA compliance like the following:

“From 1 July 2021, today, the Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA) comes into effect.[…]  As such, you are herewith notified that you are entitled to refuse such consent and that you may exercise such a right by leaving this group/unsubscribe by clicking on the link at the bottom of this email.”

If you would like to really connect with people, avoid incomprehensible jargon and say exactly what you mean. You might even want to thank them for participating. Like this:

“As you may already know, the introduction of the Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA) came into full effect on 1 July 2021 in South Africa. […] If you’d still like to continue receiving our newsletters and updates, then you don’t need to do a thing and you’ll continue to hear from us. If you would prefer not to receive this type of communication from us any longer, then you are welcome to click on the unsubscribe button at the bottom of this page.

Thank you for being part of the community we are building.”

2. Use ‘we’ and ‘our’, not ‘I’ and ‘you’: Create connection, not distance between people.

We can all get in our own way, sometimes. Successful presidents and CEOs know that the best way to bridge differences between people is to tell a simple human story around shared values. Using ‘we’ and ‘our’, not ‘I’ and ‘you’ connects people to one another, as President Nelson Mandela knew when he delivered his inaugural address to the South African people and his international guests on 10 May, 1994:

“Our daily deeds as ordinary South Africans must produce an actual South African reality that will reinforce humanity’s belief in justice, strengthen its confidence in the nobility of the human soul and sustain all our hopes for a glorious life for all.

All this we owe both to ourselves and to the peoples of the world who are so well represented here today.

To my compatriots, I have no hesitation in saying that each one of us is as intimately attached to the soil of this beautiful country as are the famous jacaranda trees of Pretoria and the mimosa trees of the bushveld.”

Mandela was able to speak for a ‘we’, a people that could be seen as connected to the South African soil and its community of citizens, despite their diversity. This was a master stroke, and spoke to a natural order of things, the land, that everyone could connect to.

3. Greet someone in their language, not yours. Cultivate a multilingual mindset.

Greeting someone in their language shows that you care enough about their culture to learn a bit about it, and opens doors that might otherwise be closed to you.

Even a simple greeting reflects our culture and way of thinking. For instance, in some cultures, a nod or a smile are considered a sufficient greeting. Not so in African cultures. Nodding or smiling to someone you meet in a queue or in the street, or even a simple “Hello” without a “How are you?” is often seen as impolite in South Africa. This is a throwback to the full richness of traditional greetings which include an enquiry about the wellbeing of the person and their family (and even their ancestors), like this greeting in isiZulu:

Sawubona. Ninjani? This translates to: Hello (literally: We see you). How are you?

Multilingualism is about more than being willing to learn and use multiple languages. It’s also a mindset. It equips us to draw on broader and more diverse experiences, and to engage with society in a way that speaks to the heart, not just the mind.

As anyone who has ever ventured to learn a new language knows, the learning experience can transform your life. As your experience of a language in its cultural context expands, you will find that you do not keep these languages and cultures in strictly separated mental compartments, but rather build up a communicative, plurilingual competence to which all your knowledge and experience of language contribute, and in which languages interrelate and interact.

Like ripples in a pool of water, language has some unexpected and truly marvellous effects.

– by Kim Wallmach

Dr Kim Wallmach is the Director of the Language Centre at Stellenbosch University. She thanks her colleagues in the Departments of Afrikaans and Dutch, Curriculum Studies, Modern Languages, and at the Language Centre for their input on the value of multilingualism.

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ripple effect (noun)

the effect of one event setting off other events in an unexpected way, or unexpected areas.

Etymology: by analogy with the spreading ripples on the surface of a body of water when a stone is thrown in.
Source: https://www.definitions.net/definition/ripple+effect

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